University of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659441220190901Antimicrobial Activity of Combined Cinnamon Nanoemulsions-Antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii8119020410.24271/psr.03ENDana KhdrSabirDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicals and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq0000-0001-6197-7737Karzan R.SidiqDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicals and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq0000-0002-6992-1954Journal Article20190417<strong>Threats of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, a Gram-negative and multi-drug resistant bacterium,to the public health have recently received great attention worldwide. This is because the high incidence rate of the bacterial infections and the ability of the <em>A. baumannii</em> to resist a wide range of antibiotics. This study is designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the cinnamon oil in water as Nano emulsions (NEs) alone and in combination with different antibiotics against clinical isolate of <em>A. baumannii</em>. At the beginning, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics and also cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) are determined. Later, the synergistic effect of the CNEs with each of the studied antibiotics is also examined. Results showed that the bacterium has the highest resistant towards ampicillin (MIC = 700 µg/ml), followed by kanamycin, and gentamycin with MIC of each of the antibiotics was 200µg/ml and 150 µg/ml, respectively. Cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) were also showed a profound inhibitory effect on <em>A. baummanii</em>. Interestingly, combinations of cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) with either kanamycin or gentamycin, but not ampicillin, show a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of each of the antibiotics compared to when they were used alone. The results of this study strongly suggest the potential application of CNEs in combination with antibiotics to overcome <em>A. baummanii</em> infections.</strong>https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_90204_0a20c8d2d17489b70b1a9fff4cd9a3df.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659441220190901Biodiversity of aquatic insects in relation to physico-chemical parameters of Shekh Turab stream12169196010.24271/psr.04ENFaris ZaidanJarjeesDepartment of Environmental Sciences, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqNihal S.HannaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqJanan J.TomaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20190427<strong>Ecological integrity and their properties of any aquatic environment are important to monitor its stability and any change to the ecological system. The current work was undertaken to study the community of aquatic insects and physio-chemical variables of the Shekh Turab stream in periods extended for two months, one in July and the other in November 2017. The aquatic insects’ samples collected from five sites with three replications/site. The physio-chemical parameters of water were water temperature, air temperature (˚C), pH, electrical conductivity EC (μS.cm-1), total dissolved solid TDS (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), dissolved oxygen DO (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), BOD5 (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), alkalinity (mg CaCO3.l<sup>-1</sup>), bicarbonate HCO3 (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), total hardness (mgCaCO3.l<sup>-1</sup>), calcium (mg Ca2+.l<sup>-1</sup>), magnesium (mg Mg2+.l<sup>-1</sup>), nitrate (mg NO3-N.l<sup>-1</sup>), chloride (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), sodium (mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), potassium(mg.l<sup>-1</sup>) and sulfate (mg SO4.l<sup>-1</sup>). The correlation between physio-chemical parameters and different biological taxa were statistically tested. The correlation analysis showed significant relationship. In phylum Arthropoda, a total of 5 insect species belonging to 2 orders; Ephemeroptera and Diptera depicted the Shesk Turab stream macroinvertebrates. Depending on Shannon-Weiner index, species diversity varied from 0.365 to 0.755 at site 4 and 2 respectively.</strong>https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_91960_8a872b18316068dd401371a4f27813cd.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659441220190901The Role of Flow Rate and Fluid Alkalanity on Fine Particles Movement and Influencing the Petrophysical Properties of Reservoir Sandstone17219257510.24271/psr.05ENKhabat M.AhmadInstitute of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering, Miskolc University, HungaryDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Dukan Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Dukan, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq0000-0003-4226-1105Journal Article20190415<strong>Permeability decline related with fine migration is one of the most widespread phenomenon that occurs in most oil reservoirs. Fine migration is intensive in sandstone reservoir, but frequently misinterpreted. Movement of fine particles might be problamatic to identify and even not easy to predict and interpret. The main goal of this study is to investigate the influence of flow rate and fluid alakalinity on petrophysical properties of selected reservoir sandstone. To determine the types of clay minerals with calculating the percentage of each types and the shape, position, and distribution within the rock matrix, first selected core samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. This is also to identify the bulk mineralogy and clay fraction.. The result of this study shows that higher alakalinity fluid flow through reservoir standtone might cause a significant reduction on permeability. While at low pH fluid, the degree of damage is less damage than high pH value. However, the reduction on permeability was estimated by conducting a series of core flood experiments by injecting alkaline solution (pH 9 and pH 11) with stepwise increasing flow rate (50, 100, 200 ml/ h). Furthermore, the basic petrophysical properties of such porosity and initial permability were measured prior to testing. Ultimately, a series of core flooding were also conducted to investigate the influence of clay mineral content, pH and flow rate on sandtone reservoir permeability. High pH solutions significant permeability reductions were recorded, during the flood of pH 11 alkaline solution reductions as high as 36- 50-% were obtained while, the degree of damage was observed less severe with (pH9). Hence, the magnitude of damage was more severe with high flow rate and higher pH. The result shows that the clay minerals present in the cores were characteristics to fine migration thus causing negative impact on reservoir characteristics.</strong><br /> <strong> </strong>https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_92575_a8830880677a4f53a7f05c857c2661b0.pdf