Dana Khdr Sabir; Fro Rzgar Khdr; Pyman M. Mohamedsalih; Chrpa Hogr Fuad; Safeen Othman Mahmood
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia that develops 48 hours after patient received mechanical ventilation using an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. It is known as the second most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) which occurs when the lower ...
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia that develops 48 hours after patient received mechanical ventilation using an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. It is known as the second most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) which occurs when the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma are invaded by microorganisms. Here, the incidence of VAP have been studied in the ICU of Shar Hospital in the city of Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. From 31 August 2020 to 7 November 2020, the patients who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours were monitored to find out the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Out of 52 patients, 30 (57.69%) cases were cultured positive for VAP, in which 14 (46.67%) were polymicrobial pneumonia and 16 cases (53.33%) were monomicrobial pneumonia. The common bacteria associated with nosocomial pneumonia were found to be Acinetobacter baumannii (31.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.8%), and Escherichia coli (15.6%). Whereas, Candida species were the only recorded fungal isolate related to all 12% of fungal pneumonia infections in this study. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern shows that 17 (65.38%) of the isolate were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, however, gentamicin was appeared to be the most effective antibiotic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the incidence of VAP among patients in Shar Hospital.
Pyman M. Mohamedsalih; Dana Khdr Sabir
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are among the major healthcare problem worldwide and Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading threat among them. In this study, the combined effects of different antibiotics with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were assessed against the growth of a clinical isolate of A. ...
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are among the major healthcare problem worldwide and Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading threat among them. In this study, the combined effects of different antibiotics with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were assessed against the growth of a clinical isolate of A. baumannii. The bacterial strain was isolated from a hospitalized burned patient in Sulaimanyah- Iraq. Identification of the isolated bacterium was done based on the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis. The growth of the bacterium was totally inhibited by AgNPs at the concentration of (0.2 mg/ml). AgNPs treatment showed a partial synergistic effect with azithromycin (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) = 0.6) and an additive effect with kanamycin (FICI = 1.67). Not a significant difference in the antimicrobial activities of either ampicillin or tetracycline was observed when they used alone or in combination with AgNPs. Overall, this study may provide a promising future use of azithromycin with AgNPs to treat A. baumannii superficial infections; however, a combination of kanamycin with AgNPs together should be avoided.
Dana Khdr Sabir; Karzan R. Sidiq
Abstract
Threats of Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative and multi-drug resistant bacterium,to the public health have recently received great attention worldwide. This is because the high incidence rate of the bacterial infections and the ability of the A. baumannii to resist a wide range of antibiotics. ...
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Threats of Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative and multi-drug resistant bacterium,to the public health have recently received great attention worldwide. This is because the high incidence rate of the bacterial infections and the ability of the A. baumannii to resist a wide range of antibiotics. This study is designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the cinnamon oil in water as Nano emulsions (NEs) alone and in combination with different antibiotics against clinical isolate of A. baumannii. At the beginning, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics and also cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) are determined. Later, the synergistic effect of the CNEs with each of the studied antibiotics is also examined. Results showed that the bacterium has the highest resistant towards ampicillin (MIC = 700 µg/ml), followed by kanamycin, and gentamycin with MIC of each of the antibiotics was 200µg/ml and 150 µg/ml, respectively. Cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) were also showed a profound inhibitory effect on A. baummanii. Interestingly, combinations of cinnamon Nano emulsions (CNEs) with either kanamycin or gentamycin, but not ampicillin, show a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of each of the antibiotics compared to when they were used alone. The results of this study strongly suggest the potential application of CNEs in combination with antibiotics to overcome A. baummanii infections.
