Physics
Mahmood M Kareem
Abstract
This study examines the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) by using a Q-Switched Nd-Yag (1064 nm) laser on copper foil immersed in Distilled Water (DW). The solution color changed to light green refers to the production of copper oxide NPs. The generated nanoparticles were studied to determine ...
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This study examines the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) by using a Q-Switched Nd-Yag (1064 nm) laser on copper foil immersed in Distilled Water (DW). The solution color changed to light green refers to the production of copper oxide NPs. The generated nanoparticles were studied to determine their characteristics as a function of pulse laser shots and the NPs were obtained by taking 500 and 1000 laser pulse shots on Cu target. Thin films deposited on both (glass and silicon) substrates were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. Later, regarding the colloidal nanoparticles, NPs were instantly characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and examined by TEM microscopy. The production rate of Cu-NPs concentration in the colloidal solution was measured by atomic absorption spectra type (ICP-OES), which increased by increasing the number of laser shots in the liquid volume. The Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis resulted in the presence of copper (Cu) and oxygen (O) elements in the film structure with a nearly stoichiometry ratio. The optical energy gap was decreased to (2.44 eV) with increasing the number of laser shots in the colloidal solution.
Ismaeel A. Al-Baidhany; Sami Salman Chiad; Mahmood M. Kareem; Wasmaa A. Jabbar; Tahseen H. Mubarak; Nadir Fadhil Habubi; Ehssan S. Hassan; Mohamed Odda Dawood; Oday Mazin Abdulmunem
Abstract
We found a new value of supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass in the middle of type 1 Seyfert, NGC 4151 galaxy. In this Study, the image of NGC 4151 galaxy was deprojected to face-on, using spiral galaxy of face-on, and applied IRAF to calculate the ellipticity and position angle of major-axis. A ...
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We found a new value of supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass in the middle of type 1 Seyfert, NGC 4151 galaxy. In this Study, the image of NGC 4151 galaxy was deprojected to face-on, using spiral galaxy of face-on, and applied IRAF to calculate the ellipticity and position angle of major-axis. A two-dimensional (2D) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) applied to the deprojected image to calculate the spiral arm of NGC 4151 galaxy, and, in that way, find a central mass AGN 4151 galaxy. We compared our results of the mass of SMBH in in the center of NGC 4151 galaxy with the mass of SMBH calculated using different methods ((direct method: stellar dynamics, gas dynamics, reverberation mapping), and indirect method: MBH-σ*, MBH-Vrot, MBH-n, MBH-Lbulge, and MBH-P correlations). We concluded that the results of mass for these methods are in agreement with the estimated ones, i.e. using direct methods.
