ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Supermassive Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151 Using Different Methods
We found a new value of supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass in the middle of type 1 Seyfert, NGC 4151 galaxy. In this Study, the image of NGC 4151 galaxy was deprojected to face-on, using spiral galaxy of face-on, and applied IRAF to calculate the ellipticity and position angle of major-axis. A two-dimensional (2D) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) applied to the deprojected image to calculate the spiral arm of NGC 4151 galaxy, and, in that way, find a central mass AGN 4151 galaxy. We compared our results of the mass of SMBH in in the center of NGC 4151 galaxy with the mass of SMBH calculated using different methods ((direct method: stellar dynamics, gas dynamics, reverberation mapping), and indirect method: MBH-σ*, MBH-Vrot, MBH-n, MBH-Lbulge, and MBH-P correlations). We concluded that the results of mass for these methods are in agreement with the estimated ones, i.e. using direct methods.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_96564_ead5afdbe5f6d8f210d36e85993daf48.pdf
2020-03-01
22
26
10.24271/psr.06
SMBH mass
pitch angle
luminosity of the bulge
bulge velocity dispersion
rotational velocity
Ismaeel
Al-Baidhany
ismaeel_2000@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
1
Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Sami
Chiad
dr.sami@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
2
Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Kareem
mahmood.mohammed@garmian.edu.krd
3
Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wasmaa
Jabbar
wasmaajabbar@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
4
Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Tahseen
Mubarak
dean@sciences.uodiyala.edu.iq
5
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
AUTHOR
Nadir
Habubi
nadirfadhil@yahoo.com
6
Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ehssan
Hassan
ehsanphysicyan@uomustansiryah.edu.iq
7
Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Dawood
mohammedodda2017@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
8
Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Oday
Abdulmunem
munem@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
9
Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Students’ Mental Health in the University of Garmian Using the Kurdish General Health Questionnaire
It is predicted that Kurdish people, especially in Garmian District, face more mental health issues due to war, displacement and numerous political conflicts. On the other hand, different studies showed that mental health of university students decreases during their educational years. So, this study aimed to investigate the mental health of students in University of Garmian, using the Kurdish General Health Questionnaire (K-GHQ). In this cross-sectional study sample consists of 156 students selected by multistage cluster sampling among the students of five colleges from the University of Garmian. Furthermore, data were collected using Kurdish version of GHQ and demographic questionnaire. First, the GHQ successfully translated into Kurdish and back translated into English by independent professional bilingual translators. After preparing the finalized Kurdish GHQ, data were collected from May 2018 to February 2019. The investigation of reliability and validity of K-GHQ showed that this version is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of mental health in university students. The average of mental health scores showed that only 3.25% of students were at normal mental health status and more than 96.75% of the participants were at risk. Of these, 37.6% suffered from mild problems, 51.9% had moderate, and 7.14% had severe problems. The higher scores were due to anxiety/insomnia (14.24) and social dysfunction (11.86). However, no differences were observed between the genders, but there were significant differences in global score and three sub-scales scores between freshmen and students of other grades. Because of the high prevalence of mental health problems in students of University of Garmian, effective interventions like CBT, MBSR and TFT are needed to reduce the effect of stressors and improve their mental health status.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_103926_af95f6fd80c4db709cf8d1e9976f9e96.pdf
2020-03-01
27
31
10.24271/psr.07
mental health
college students
Kurdish GHQ
Pegah
Seidi
pegah.am.seidi@garmian.edu.krd
1
College of Medicine , University of Garmin, Kalar, Kurdistan Regoin, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Darza Abedi, M., Abadi-Marz Azad, E., Salimi, H. (2013). Determining the mental health condition and its correlation with job burnout and life satisfaction in military university personnel. Journal of IRIAF Health Administration 13 , 10-17.
1
Auerbach, R.P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W.G., Cuijpers, P., Ebert D.D., and et al. (2016). Mental disorders among college students in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 14, 2955–2970.
2
World Health Organization. (2015). The world health report: Mental health atlas 2014 [internet]. www.who.int. [cited 20 febuary 2019]. [link]
3
Mofidi, N., Ghazinour, M,. Araste, M., Jacobssin, L., Richter, J. (2008). General mental health, quality of life and sucide-related attitudes among Kurdish people in Iran. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 54, 457–468.
4
Al-Salihy, Z., Rahim, T.A. (2013).M). ental Health in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Arab Journal of Psychiatry 24, 170 – 173.
5
Knickmeyer, E. (2005). 113 Kurds Are Found In Mass Grave [Internet]. Washington Post Foreign Service. [cited 7 February 2019]. [link]
6
Ahmad, R.J., Taher, B.H., Seidi, P.A. (2017).Prevalence of Social Anxiety in Students of college of Education–University of Garmian. Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce 3, 79-83.
7
Abbas, N.Q. (2017) Introducing some trumas and PTDS among Yazidi female survivors from ISIS army. Journal of University of Garmian 4, 505-516.
8
Mikolajczyk, R.T., Brzoska, P., Maier, C., Ottova, V., Meier, S., Dudziak, U., et al. (2008). Factors associated with self-rated health status in university students: a cross-sectional study in three European countries. BMC Public Health 215, 1-23.
9
Pedrelli, P., Nyer, M., Yeung, A., Zulauf, C., and Wilens, T. (2015). College Students: Mental Health Problems and Treatment Considerations. Academic Psychiatry 39, 503–511.
10
Sheereen Zulkefly, N., Baharudin, R. (2010). Using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to Assess the Psychological Health of Malaysian College Students. Global Journal of Health Science 2, 73-80.
11
Zaid, Z., Chan, S.C., Ho, J.,J. (2007). Emotional Disorders among Medical Students in a Malaysian Private Medical School. Singapore Medical Journal 48, 895-899.
12
Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., Runeson, B. (2005). Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Medical Education 39, 594-604.
13
Liu, F., Zhou, N., Cao, H., Fang, X., Deng, L., Chen, W., Lin, X., Liu, L., Zhao, H. (2017). Chinese college freshmen's mental health problems and their subsequent help-seeking behaviors: A cohort design (2005-2011). Plos One 12, e0185531.
14
Dessie, Y., Ebrahim, J., Awoke, T. (2013). Mental distress among university students in Ethiopia: a cross sectional survey. Pan African Medical Journal 95, 1-8.
15
Hersi, L., Tesfay, K., Gesesew, H., Krahl, W., Ereg, D., Tesfaye, M. (2017). Mental distress and associated factors among undergraduate students at the University of Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 39, 2-8.
16
Üner, S., Özcebe, H., Telatar, G.,Tezcan, S. (2008). Assessment of Mental Health of University Students with GHQ-12. Turkish Journal of Medical Science 38, 437-446.
17
Hunt, J., Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal Adolescents Health 46, 3-10.
18
Timbermont, B., Braet, C., & Dreessen, L. (2004). Assessing depression in youth: Relationship between the children’s depression inventory and a structured interview. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescents Psychology 33, 149 – 157.
19
Goldberg, D.P., Gater, R., Sartorius, N., Ustun, T.B., Piccinelli, M., Gureje, O., et al. (1997). The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine 27,191-197.
20
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21
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22
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23
Seidi, P.A. (2019). Reliability and Validity of the Kurdish version of General Health Questionnaire (K-GHQ). Journal of Garmian Universit, 6: 955-961.
24
Alhasnawi, S., Sadik, S., Rasheed, M., Baban, A., M Al-Alak, M. (2009). The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS). World Psychiatry 8, 97–109.
25
Jafari, N., Loghmani, A., Montazeri, A. (2012). Mental health of Medical Students in Different Levels of Training. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 3, 107-112.
26
Zare, N., Parvareh, M., Nouri, B., Namdari, M. (2016). Mental health status of Iranian university students using the GHQ-28: a meta-analysis. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 84, 1-16.
27
Ansari, H., Bahrami, L., Akbarzade, L., Bakhasani, N.M. (2008). Assessment of General Health and Some Related Factors among Students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Journal of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 9, 295-304.
28
Farahangiz, S., Mohebpour, F., Salehi, A. (2016). Assessment of Mental Health among Iranian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Health Sciences 10, 49-55.
29
Bryant, R.A., Edwards, B., Creamer, M., et al. (2018). The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on refugees’ parenting and their children’s mental health: a cohort study. Lancet Public Health 3, e249–58.
30
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31
Moradian Sorkhkalaee, M., Eftekhar, H., Nejat, S., Saeepour, N., Esmaeel Shemirzadi, S. (2013). The State of Mental Health of Students of Tehran Medical Sciences University in the Academic Year 2010-2011. Faraz, 14, 16-22.
32
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33
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34
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Thr399Ile Variant in Iraqi Kurdish Population: Sulaymaniyah Province
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), encoded by innate immune genes, functions to detect microbial ligands. Studies found that polymorphisms in TLR genes among populations are associated with diseases. Among the classes of TLRs, TLR-4 is important for exploring bacterial lipopolysaccharide. TLR-4 Thre399Ile is one of the most important non-synonymous variant which varies among different background populations. Kurds, an ethnic population descended mainly from indigenous inhabitants of Zagros mountain survived for millennia, with nearly 40 million populations, are distributed in Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria. There are no studies on genetic variations of TLR4 in this population, particularly in Iraqi Kurdistan. The aim of this study is to find the percentage frequency of TLR4 Thr399Ile variant in Kurdish populations in Iraq, particularly in Sulaymaniyah province. The percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR4 gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that the heterozygous variant of TLR4 Thr399Ile is 7.1% (n=85) in Sulaymaniyah populations. However, no homozygous mutant variant was found; this suggests that it is either absent or seldom among Kurds in the region. This study emphasises the perceptiveness of the TLR SNP in Sulaymaniyah populations that recommends future study for linking this genetic variation with both infectious and immunological diseases, in addition to historical, anthropological and archaeological studies.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_103040_41df5f2dd9aa0fd8f1aae330b44688cd.pdf
2020-03-01
32
36
10.24271/psr.08
Toll- like receptor 4
Polymorphism
SNPs
Iraq
Kurdistan
population
Sherko
Niranji
sherko.subhan@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. Akira, S. Uematsu, O. Takeuchi, Pathogen recognition and innate immunity, Cell. 124 (2006) 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015.
1
J.C. Venter, M.D. Adams, E.W. Myers, P.W. Li, R.J. Mural, G.G. Sutton, H.O. Smith, M. Yandell, C.A. Evans, R.A. Holt, J.D. Gocayne, P. Amanatides, R.M. Ballew, D.H. Huson, J.R. Wortman, Q. Zhang, C.D. Kodira, X.H. Zheng, L. Chen, M. Skupski, G. Subramanian, P.D. Thomas, J. Zhang, G.L. Gabor Miklos, C. Nelson, S. Broder, A.G. Clark, J. Nadeau, V.A. McKusick, N. Zinder, A.J. Levine, R.J. Roberts, M. Simon, C. Slayman, M. Hunkapiller, R. Bolanos, A. Delcher, I. Dew, D. Fasulo, M. Flanigan, L. Florea, A. Halpern, S. Hannenhalli, S. Kravitz, S. Levy, C. Mobarry, K. Reinert, K. Remington, J. Abu-Threideh, E. Beasley, K. Biddick, V. Bonazzi, R. Brandon, M. Cargill, I. Chandramouliswaran, R. Charlab, K. Chaturvedi, Z. Deng, V. Di Francesco, P. Dunn, K. Eilbeck, C. Evangelista, A.E. Gabrielian, W. Gan, W. Ge, F. Gong, Z. Gu, P. Guan, T.J. Heiman, M.E. Higgins, R.-R. Ji, Z. Ke, K.A. Ketchum, Z. Lai, Y. Lei, Z. Li, J. Li, Y. Liang, X. Lin, F. Lu, G. V Merkulov, N. Milshina, H.M. Moore, A.K. Naik, V.A. Narayan, B. Neelam, D. Nusskern, D.B. Rusch, S. Salzberg, W. Shao, B. Shue, J. Sun, Z.Y. Wang, A. Wang, X. Wang, J. Wang, M.-H. Wei, R. Wides, C. Xiao, C. Yan, A. Yao, J. Ye, M. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, Q. Zhao, L. Zheng, F. Zhong, W. Zhong, S.C. Zhu, S. Zhao, D. Gilbert, S. Baumhueter, G. Spier, C. Carter, A. Cravchik, T. Woodage, F. Ali, H. An, A. Awe, D. Baldwin, H. Baden, M. Barnstead, I. Barrow, K. Beeson, D. Busam, A. Carver, A. Center, M.L. Cheng, L. Curry, S. Danaher, L. Davenport, R. Desilets, S. Dietz, K. Dodson, L. Doup, S. Ferriera, N. Garg, A. Gluecksmann, B. Hart, J. Haynes, C. Haynes, C. Heiner, S. Hladun, D. Hostin, J. Houck, T. Howland, C. Ibegwam, J. Johnson, F. Kalush, L. Kline, S. Koduru, A. Love, F. Mann, D. May, S. McCawley, T. McIntosh, I. McMullen, M. Moy, L. Moy, B. Murphy, K. Nelson, C. Pfannkoch, E. Pratts, V. Puri, H. Qureshi, M. Reardon, R. Rodriguez, Y.-H. Rogers, D. Romblad, B. Ruhfel, R. Scott, C. Sitter, M. Smallwood, E. Stewart, R. Strong, E. Suh, R. Thomas, N.N. Tint, S. Tse, C. Vech, G. Wang, J. Wetter, S. Williams, M. Williams, S. Windsor, E. Winn-Deen, K. Wolfe, J. Zaveri, K. Zaveri, J.F. Abril, R. Guigó, M.J. Campbell, K. V Sjolander, B. Karlak, A. Kejariwal, H. Mi, B. Lazareva, T. Hatton, A. Narechania, K. Diemer, A. Muruganujan, N. Guo, S. Sato, V. Bafna, S. Istrail, R. Lippert, R. Schwartz, B. Walenz, S. Yooseph, D. Allen, A. Basu, J. Baxendale, L. Blick, M. Caminha, J. Carnes-Stine, P. Caulk, Y.-H. Chiang, M. Coyne, C. Dahlke, A.D. Mays, M. Dombroski, M. Donnelly, D. Ely, S. Esparham, C. Fosler, H. Gire, S. Glanowski, K. Glasser, A. Glodek, M. Gorokhov, K. Graham, B. Gropman, M. Harris, J. Heil, S. Henderson, J. Hoover, D. Jennings, C. Jordan, J. Jordan, J. Kasha, L. Kagan, C. Kraft, A. Levitsky, M. Lewis, X. Liu, J. Lopez, D. Ma, W. Majoros, J. McDaniel, S. Murphy, M. Newman, T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, M. Nodell, S. Pan, J. Peck, M. Peterson, W. Rowe, R. Sanders, J. Scott, M. Simpson, T. Smith, A. Sprague, T. Stockwell, R. Turner, E. Venter, M. Wang, M. Wen, D. Wu, M. Wu, A. Xia, A. Zandieh, X. Zhu, The Sequence of the Human Genome, Science (80-. ). 291 (2001) 1304–1351. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058040.
2
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20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Teucrium polium on the Process of Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Wound healing is physiological process, passing through three main overlapping phases, including inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phase to repair the damaged tissue. Some vital process in wound healing, including inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis and collagen tissue formation, seems to be disrupted in diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of different concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium, which is a medicinal plant, on the process of wound healing in diabetic rats. Diabetes were induced in twenty adult Albino-rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. Five wounds were created on the back of each rat, and treated as control (untreated), vasaline-treated, and 5%, 10% or 15% Teucrium polium extract-treated. The results showed that Teucrium polium extract stimulated wound healing by enhancing the rate of wound retraction, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and maturation. Although there was a reduction in the level of granulation tissue thickness deposition within the wound. The rate of the epithelial regeneration was improved, and the thickness of the regenerated epithelium was reduced. Overall, there was a promising impact of the extract on the process of wound healing through improving different phases of the process.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_103718_45030a29716491e573146dde378389ae.pdf
2020-03-01
37
45
10.24271/psr.09
wound healing
Teucrium Polium
Diabetes
phytochemicals
Mohsin
Salih
mohsinahmedsalih@gmail.com
1
Department of Histopathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Asmaa
Abdullah
dr.asma.n.abdula@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Sadat
Aziz
sadat.aziz@univsul.edu.iq
3
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Smoking and Some Obesity Indexes on Serum Lipid Profile in Young Male Smokers
Smoking is one of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors which can alter normal levels of blood lipid parameters, in addition to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This study evaluates the effect of smoking on serum lipid profile and its correlation with some obesity indexes including WC and BMI among young males. The study Targets different groups that consist of 46 smoker group and 20 non-smokersas control group that are age and weight matched. Fasting serum level of lipid profile was estimated in both groups. The results showed significant elevation only in fasting blood triglyceride TG and very low density lipoprotein VLDL-C among smokers in compare with non-smokers group. In addition, it shows non-significant change in the levels of fasting blood total cholesterol TC, HDL-C and LDL-C as compared with the concentrations in the non-smoker group. However, a significant positive correlation is found between TG with each of BMI, WC and Duration of smoking (yrs.), there was a significant positive correlation between TC with each of BMI and WC, This study concludes that the mostly altered lipid parameters in the smokers is TG Whereas the less one is TC that could be worsened by increasing in some obesity indexes.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_103722_ec091159644d5b10d0dc4bf6cccd982e.pdf
2020-03-01
46
50
10.24271/psr.10
Keywords: Cigarette Smoking
lipid profile
Body mass index (BMI)
Waist Circumference (WC)
Diyar
Al-Jaf
diyar.akbar@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Komar
Al-Jaf
komar.akbar@garmian.edu.krd
2
Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Garmian, Kifri, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
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