ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Functional importance and structure of small ribosomal protein RACK1
AbstractThe Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) protein is one of the ribosomal proteins that is located in the small subunit which is maintained across most of the eukaryotes and functions as a flexible scaffold protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. It is considered as a highly conserved protein that found in a wide range of tryptophan-aspartate (WD40) repeat proteins of eukaryotic organisms, from Chlamydomonas to plants and mammals. RACK1 adopts a propeller structure with seven blades structures, enabling the binding capability of the protein. RACK1 participates in shuttling and anchoring of proteins around the cells at certain positions and it stabilizes protein production during translation. RACK1 is a member of the protein family WD repeat that consists of seven-bladed β- propeller structure which shares important homology to the G-proteins (Gb) β-subunit. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, multiple receptors of the cell surface and the nuclear proteins. RACK1 is a key mediator of different pathways and contributes to a variety of cellular functional aspects. This review discusses the main function of RACK1 protein in eukaryotes including animals and plants. Furthermore, we will show the recent study on RACK1 function in different organisms.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_138451_1af00f800f317e603b835cd3114d5a12.pdf
2022-06-01
1
7
10.24271/passer.2021.301031.1080
Ribosomal subunit
RACK1protein
tryptophan-aspartate (WD)-40
Prokaryotes
eukaryotes
Arabidopsis thaliana
Karzan
Salih
karzan.salih@charmouniversity.org
1
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department - College of Medicals and Applied Sciences - Charmo University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Ixodid Ticks that Infest Ruminants in Erbil province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
A cross- sectional survey was conducted in Erbil province from April to July 2021 to estimate the prevalence of major Ixodid ticks on ruminants and to identify tick species using morphological and molecular tools. A total of 687 animals (202 cattle, 287 sheep and 198 goats) examined, and 254 (36.9 %) were infested. About 381 ticks were collected from examined animals. The result identified two genera of six species of the hard ticks based on morphological, molecular investigation. The identified adult ticks morphologically were belonging to the two Ixodid genera, among which three species belonged to the genus Hyalomma (Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum and H. exacavatum), and three species belonged to the genus Rhipocephalus (Rhipocephalus sanguineu, Rhipocephalus turanicus, and Rhipocephalus B. annulatus). R. annulatus was the dominant tick species infesting cattle with 50% which was significantly higher at P>0.05 than the other isolated species. Whereas H. excavatum and R. sanguineus was the prodominant tick species infesting sheep with 29.1% and 28.3 %respectively. While the infestation rate on goats was 16.7%, R. sanguineus was the most prevailed species infesting goats with 45.4% at (P>0.05). R. sanguineus were the predominant tick reported in Erbil governorate with 29.1% at (P>0.05)., while H. excavatum was reported in low percentage in Erbil at 10.2%. DNA samples from sixty ticks were chosen for molecular studies in order to detect tick species using a conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determine their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the Gen Bank. PCR and the sequencing have confirmed the morphological-based identification, Phylogenetic study revealed that the three Rhipicephalus genotypes revealed from the current study with accession number (MZ663757-MZ663759) were have a highly identical nucleotide sequence 99-100% with a strain of a Rhipicephalus turanicus, R. annulatus and R. sanguineus strain sequence (KY583068, MN594491 and MN594492) from China, and Iraq respectively. On the other hand phylogenetic analysis of Hyalomma genotypes from the present work with accession number (MZ663760-MZ663762) were closely related to a Hyalomma anatolicum, H. marginatum and Hyalomma exacavatum (MK829042, MG418663, and KP210047) from Egypt, Turkey and India respectively.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_138952_0750e7b352422454af5bc113376025ef.pdf
2022-06-01
8
13
10.24271/psr.2021.301552.1084
molecular
morphology
Ixodid tick
Ruminants
Erbil
Khalid
Aziz
khalid.aziz1@su.edu.krd
1
Salahaddin university-Erbil, Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Animal Resources Department.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Background: First COVID-19 case was recorded on February 26th, 2020 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Shortly after the number of cases increased significantly. Limited research has been conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population in the region about the pandemic. Objectives: The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the people’s awareness and their attitude towards the pandemic by conducting a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional online survey, and non-probability, convenient sampling of 325 adults, was conducted during a complete lockdown period from 5th to 20th of April, 2020 in KRI. Results: High levels of knowledge and practice, with divided positive and negative attitudes, were found among participants. The study found a positive relationship between knowledge and attitudes and the resulting practice. Conclusions: Studies about the COVID-19 pandemic are very scarce in the KRI. There were no significance differences between the socio-demographic characteristics and levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices. We encourage further KAP studies in the KRI regarding COVID-19 for setting health awareness campaigns in promoting practical information on preventive measures to stop the spread of the virus accordingly.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_140865_64363a8d678ac4c9742869329d589857.pdf
2022-06-01
14
24
10.24271/psr.2021.309110.1096
attitudes
COVID-19
Garmian region
Knowledge
Practice
preventive measures
Nazdar
Abas
nazdar.qudrat@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Garmian
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhammad
Amen
muhammad.amen@univsul.edu.iq
2
Department of Adult Nursing, College of Nursing. University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq
AUTHOR
Nazanin
Abbas
nazanin.qudrat@garmian.edu.krd
3
Kalar Private Technical Institute, Kurdistan-Iraq
AUTHOR
Muhamad
Yusif
muhamad.yusif@garmian.edu.krd
4
Research Center, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan-Iraq
AUTHOR
Dilshad
Jaff
jdilshad@email.unc.edu
5
Department of Maternal & Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Integration of Field Data and Online Satellite Images to Map Urban Change Pattern from 2003 to 2013, Case Study: Darbandikhan city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Remote Sensing accompanied with GIS is a powerful way of mapping land-use/cover change at different spatial and temporal resolutions. This study aims to map the urban land use change of the small city of Darbandikhan, in the west of Kurdistan Region-Iraq using Google Earth time series images, as well as, field statistical data, from 2003 to 2013 which is considered as the most prosperous economic period within the study area. Results showed that the city has extended by 2.7 times, from almost 1.9 km2in 2003 to 5.3 km2 in 2013, mainly to the North and West of the city considering the potentials of the area. During that period residents have doubled mainly because of the rural movement toward urban areas as the result of economic flourishment caused by the economic evolvement in 2003. Also, the developed map has revealed the fact that the distribution of the facilities, except for schools, is not organized. It has been located in such a way around the city center exclusively. The developed map, also revealed, that the distribution of facilities, except schools, is not well distributed all over the town and mainly maintained around the city center. Furthermore, the roads, as shown on the map, are mostly (90%) less than 15m wide which rarely met the transportation demands of the city.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_142829_377f5a394d3fcd00d3c0b5569b45988e.pdf
2022-06-01
25
30
10.24271/psr.2021.316473.1107
Urban Change pattern
Darbandikhan
RS/GIS
Google Earth
Land Use/Cover
Iraj
Mubammad Amin
iraj.amin@spu.edu.iq
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Salim
Azeez
salim.azeez@spu.edu.iq
2
Assistant professor in Sulaimany polytechnic university
AUTHOR
Imran Hasan Ahmad
Hasan Ahmad
imran1979a@gmail.com
3
Surveying Dep., Darbandikhan Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Darbandikhan-Sulaimani-Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ASSOCIATED WEEDS IN NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
The field experiment was conducted in the dry season between December 2012 to April 2013 at Bakori, Bakori local government, Katsina (11033’N, 7036’E). The experiment consisted of 8 treatments levels which include 4 different formulations each; viz: ParaeForce(R) at 150ml / 20L and 200ml / 20L,AminoForce(R) at 100mL / 15L and 125mL / 15L applied a day before sowing and 4 weeks after sowing and a weedy control. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The objective was to evaluate resistant weeds to herbicides (ParaeForce(R) and AminoForce(R)) and their effects on the growth and yield of maize. Result shows that 17 weed species from 11 families were encountered which include Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Doctylocterium aegyptium and Eleusine indica that shows signifcant (≥ 0.05) resistance to ParaeForce(R) + AminoForce(R) at 150mL / 20L followed by 100mL / 15L had 91.70, 87.12 and 49.15% weed control efficiencies at 4,8 and 16WAS. Sequential application of ParaeForce(R) + AminoForce(R) at 200ml/20L followed by 125mL/15L recorded significantly (≥0.05) high maize yield of (6.7kg) in all the three blocks and effective weed control with 86.28, 77.58 and 33.55% weed control efficiencies at 4, 8 and 16WAS. This study recommended the application of ParaeForce(R) and AminoForce(R) at 200mL/20L followed by 125mL/15L as an alternative way of reducing weed resistance to ParaeForce(R) + AminoForce(R) formulation and to improved performance of maize yield in the experimental site.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_143164_11ca266da3ebe666d17da05cbdd84e51.pdf
2022-06-01
31
36
10.24271/psr.2021.309284.1097
Herbicides
Weeds
Resistance
treatment
Abdulrahman
Dogara
abdulrahman.mahmud@tiu.edu.iq
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil/Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saber
Hamad
saber.wasman@tiu.edu.iq
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil/Iraq
AUTHOR
Bawale
Halliru
shalliru@gmail.com
3
1Department of Biological Sciences. Al-Qalam University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Nura
Wada
wadanuraddeen@gmail.com
4
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University Katsina
AUTHOR
Tahir
Dalorima
tahirdalorima@yahoo.com
5
Department of Agricultural Technology, Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri. Nigeria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Survey of Simulation Tools for Modelling Internet of Thing
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary technology that has shifted lifestyle from traditional to high-tech. Many critical research studies and investigations have been conducted to improve technology through IoT. IoT has a vast range of applications in many fields such as the military, healthcare, agriculture, and education. The physical and virtual resources used by the IoT applications include: processor, memory, power consumption, storage usage, network bandwidth, sensor nodes, protocols, or algorithms used in processing and encryption. IoT Simulation tools are the base stone for developing, designing, and evaluating new IoT products before deployment in their target area or environment. It needs good testing and evaluation, which can be done through various simulation tools. This paper explains some of the most popular simulators for IoT research that are currently available. The article is mainly concerned with different simulation tools used in other IoT areas and compared nine simulation tools based on scope, type, programming language, IoT architecture layers, the scale of operation, API integration, cyber resilience simulation, target space, and security measures.Furthermore, the paper provides an excellent discussion; based on the operability of the IoT environment and application simulations and the many other issues, such as selecting a viable simulation for a specific context. In addition, the paper will analyse and compare existing simulation tools, focusing on the most important standard for evaluating IoT simulation tools. By the end, the review simulation tools were discussed.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_144155_89b9cddeeb5920e6506d056a9f945939.pdf
2022-06-01
37
44
10.24271/psr.2022.313553.1105
IoT
Smart environment
Simulation tools
SimIoT
NS-Series
Bilal
Rashid
bilal.rashid@univsul.edu.iq
1
Department of Information Technology, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Karzan
Sharif
karzan.hussein@uniq.edu.iq
2
Software engineering Department, Faculty of engineering and computer science, Qaiwan International University-UTM Franchise, Sulaimani, Iraq
AUTHOR
Twana
Shreef
twana.shareef@univsul.edu.iq
3
Department of Information Technology, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Survey of Comparison Different Cloud Database Performance: SQL and NoSQL
The scales in databases have recently increased, and more expansion is expected in the future. The storage costs gradually have slowed down and quickly expanded the storage capacity. Cloud intrusion has modified the comparisons in recent years. Database performance plays an essential part in the market. Cloud Database focuses on new, conventional databases, specific applications for scalability, dynamic devices, and ease of use. Cloud databases are primarily used for data storage, retrieval, modification, and analysis by tools like business intelligence. These tools can build new business strategies and demonstrate scalability and elasticity while managing vast amounts of data with reliable, customized, and cost-effective services in various applications. This paper provides an overview of cloud computing, Cloud database architecture and kinds, and database as a service. It also highlights the characteristics, deployment, and service model of cloud computing and the performance and functionality of the various SQL and NoSQL cloud database applications and services required to evaluate them. It focuses on the different parameters to assess their performance, such as ease of software portability, transaction capabilities, and the maximum amount of data stored. The primary purpose of this paper is to assist businesses and individuals in understanding how cloud computing may provide them with dependable, personalized, and cost-effective services in many applications.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_144858_955875dc5e9526f02691c53e3aaa95d9.pdf
2022-06-01
45
57
10.24271/psr.2022.301247.1104
cloud computing
Cloud database
DaaS
SQL
NoSQL
Amazon RDS
Twana
Shareef
twana.shareef@univsul.edu.iq
1
Department of Information Technology, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Karzan
Sharif
karzan.hussein@uniq.edu.iq
2
Software engineering Department, Faculty of engineering and computer science, Qaiwan International University-UTM Franchise, Sulaimani, Iraq
AUTHOR
Bilal
Rashid
bilal.rashid@univsul.edu.iq
3
Department of Information Technology, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simulation of Single-Mode Waveguides of Gallium Nitride/ Aluminum Nitride (GaN/AlN) on Sapphire by using Finite Difference Mode (FDM) solver
This paper presents a model of the optical waveguide of GaN/ AlN on a sapphire based on the different refractive index (n) between the wave's guideline regions and surrounding medium (cladding). The model analysis is done by using finite-difference mode (FDM) solver simulation is performed by FDTD (finite-difference-time-domain). In the infrared area, this study reveals a fully unique and rigorous modal analysis waveguide. The investigation includes both primary and single-mode polarization; the waveguide is reliant on the refractive index of the layers, thickness, and substrate type. The primary novelty here for the micro-waveguide single-mode is to realize optical characteristics such as attenuation, amplitude, and full width half maximum (FWHM),which has not been done previously for specific thickness (given thickness) and for that geometrical design. Despite we investigated how Optical waveguides are structures that confine and direct optical signals in a region of a higher effective index than its surrounding media. Our experiment (simulation) aims to investigate the single-mode waveguide of Gallium Nitride/ Aluminum Nitride GaN/ AlN on sapphire of a specified thickness in order to obtain infrared waveguide mode with minimum attenuation. Attenuation refers to any decrease in the propagated signal power that does not affect its waveform while the input wavelength is1.55μm. Additionally describe the characterization of the mode, in keeping with our modal analysis. The waveguides have many applications in various fields such as Optical fiber communication and Photonic integrated circuits.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_145757_d119e38627c781fb2072eb62e7d69507.pdf
2022-06-01
58
63
10.24271/psr.2022.301855.1085
Keywords: Waveguide
GaN (gallium nitride)
AlN (aluminum nitride)
Refractive index
TE mode
TM mode
yadgar
shwan
yadgar.shwan@univsul.edu.iq
1
university of sulaimani/college of education/physics department
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Epidemiology and Maternal Humoral Immunity of Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) in Sulaymaniyah Governorate/Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Avian infectious bronchitis, caused by the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is endemic in Sulaymaniyah, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, causing significant economic losses. Fertilized broiler eggs are imported from different countries and used by the poultry farms in the region. However, a systematic comparative study about the rate of IBV infection and maternal antibodies has not been conducted in the poultry farms of this area. Accordingly, this study was designed to compare the levels of maternal antibodies in relation to infection rates between broilers imported from different sources. From the first day until the birds reached marketing ages, eighty-five broiler farms were supervised in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate from January to December 2019. The sources of chicks were firstly recorded, and maternal antibody titers against IBV in 1–4 days old chicks were measured in 10 chicks randomly selected from each of the 85 farms. Later, the birds were observed for clinical signs relevant to infection with avian infectious bronchitis, and infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results indicated that fertilized eggs were imported from five sources: Belgium, Bulgaria, Iran, Turkey, and the Netherlands. All chicks had maternal antibodies against IBV, with no statistically significant difference between the antibody titers (p > 0.05). However, infections occurred in 51.8% (44/85) of the farms at an average age of 22.8 days. We conclude that maternal antibodies cannot protect >10-day-old broilers, and suitable vaccination programs using local variants of the virus are necessary to eradicate IBV in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan Region.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_146159_9803de6d3e9c0b585253f7deb2b959ad.pdf
2022-06-01
64
70
10.24271/psr.2022.313268.1103
Avian infectious bronchitis virus
IBV
maternal immunization
antibody titer
Hawraz
Mohammed
hawraz.mohammed@univsul.edu.iq
1
Department of Microbiology. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, northern Iraq
AUTHOR
Hiewa
Dyary
dyary.othman@univsul.edu.iq
2
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nahla
Saeed
nahla.saeed@univsul.edu.iq
3
Department of Microbiology. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, northern Iraq
AUTHOR
Omer
Dana
dana.ismaeel@univsul.edu.iq
4
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq
AUTHOR
Peshnyar
Rashid
peshnyar.atta@komar.edu.iq
5
Department of Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Machine Learning Approach to Sentiment Analysis in Data Mining
Widespread internet use and the web have brought about new ways of expressing individual sentiments. A sentiment is defined as an individual's view in which feelings, attitudes, and thoughts can be represented. When it comes to analysing and extracting Sentiment analysis and opinion mining are two of the most prominent disciplines of research. They derive insights using text data through numerous sources like Facebook and Twitter. Sentiment analysis frequently elicits information on how people feel about various events, brands, products, or businesses. Researchers collect and improvise replies from the general public to conduct evaluations. This paper looks into sentiment analysis for classifying Twitter subscriber tweets. This approach can help analysing the information gathered and stored in positive, neutral and negative opinions. This information is first pre-processed before creating feature vectors. On the basis of machine learning, classification methods were used. The study's algorithms are used Maximum Entropy, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine; they are used to categorize documents as positive or negative. The dataset for this paper are obtained from Twitter and includes subscribed tweets by using the API. Following pre-processing, machine learning methods are used to determine whether the tweets are positive or negative.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_147360_0dd16a0a38cc4259194e15758ad90e4c.pdf
2022-06-01
71
77
10.24271/psr.2022.312664.1101
Machine Learning
Twitter
Sentiment analysis
Opinion mining
Social Medi
Dalshad
Hussein
dalshad.jaffar@spu.edu.iq
1
Database Department, Computer Science Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq
AUTHOR
Mstafa
Rashad
mustafa.rashad@spu.edu.iq
2
Information Technology Department, Chamchamal Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq
AUTHOR
Kosar
Mirza
kosar.mirza@spu.edu.iq
3
Database Department, Computer Science Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq
AUTHOR
dana
hussein
dana.hussein@spu.edu.iq
4
Information Technology Department, Computer Science Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Purification of cytosolic ribosome in Arabidopsis thaliana using different proteases
The ribosome is a macromolecular system that has a significant role in synthesizing protein within all living cells. Ribosome in eucaryotic cell consists of two subunits; including small (40S) and large (60S) ribosomal subunits. Moreover, each subunit contains one or more molecules of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and several ribosomal proteins (r-protein). The purification and isolation of ribosomal proteins from the other cellular organelles are a highly complicated process which needs to do several purification steps to get the desired ribosomal proteins. In this study, the cytosolic ribosomal proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture have been purified from other organelles. Also, several types of proteases have been studied to find the best one that hydrolyzes peptide bonds that are used in mass spectrometry protein identification applications. The results have shown that by using double addition of sucrose cushion into the purified sample and using trypsin enzyme, we could purify large number of ribosomal proteins in the sample.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_147572_085559fb56d0b5fc403bba8b8d3ecc85.pdf
2022-06-01
78
85
10.24271/psr.2022.311246.1098
Keywords: Ribosomal proteins
ribosomal AGIs
Trypsin
Lys-C protease
Glu-C protease
Asp-N proteases
Karzan
Salih
karzanjll@yahoo.com
1
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department - College of Medicals and Applied Sciences - Charmo University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia at Intensive Care Unit of Shar Hospital in Sulaymaniyah/ Kurdistan Region
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia that develops 48 hours after patient received mechanical ventilation using an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. It is known as the second most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) which occurs when the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma are invaded by microorganisms. Here, the incidence of VAP have been studied in the ICU of Shar Hospital in the city of Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. From 31 August 2020 to 7 November 2020, the patients who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours were monitored to find out the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Out of 52 patients, 30 (57.69%) cases were cultured positive for VAP, in which 14 (46.67%) were polymicrobial pneumonia and 16 cases (53.33%) were monomicrobial pneumonia. The common bacteria associated with nosocomial pneumonia were found to be Acinetobacter baumannii (31.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.8%), and Escherichia coli (15.6%). Whereas, Candida species were the only recorded fungal isolate related to all 12% of fungal pneumonia infections in this study. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern shows that 17 (65.38%) of the isolate were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, however, gentamicin was appeared to be the most effective antibiotic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the incidence of VAP among patients in Shar Hospital.
https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_150252_0aa4426dddc2ad1acf4a530d9dcde838.pdf
2022-06-01
86
91
10.24271/psr.2022.312926.1102
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Nosocomial infection
Tracheostomy
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
risk factors
Dana
Sabir
dana.sabir@charmouniversity.org
1
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Charmo University, 46023 Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fro
Khdr
fro.rzgar1421@charmouniversity.org
2
Medical Laboratory Science Department, Charmo University
AUTHOR
Pyman
Mohamedsalih
payman.mohammed.saleh@gmail.com
3
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Chrpa
Fuad
chrpa.fuad@gmail.com
4
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Safeen
Mahmood
safeen.mahmood@univsul.edu.iq
5
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Shar hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR