University of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Reliability of CBCT Dataset in Determination of Surgical Approaches of Maxillary Impacted Canine Teeth1616157110.24271/psr.2022.356606.1155ENHuner HusseinRasheedHuner Hussein Rasheed
Huner.rasheed@univsul.esu.iq
University of Sulaimani/ College of DentistryNazar AbdulqadirHama AminUniversity of Sulaimani/ College of Dentistry /Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryJournal Article20220817Background: One of the most commonly impacted teeth is the maxillary canine, right after the third molar. Many potential difficulties might arise before, during, and after the extraction of impacted maxillary teeth. Performing thorough radiographic exams can be beneficial. The information for a two-dimensional (2D) examination is provided by the periapical and panoramic radiographs (OPG) utilized in conventional dental radiography. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a novel imaging technology developed in response to the shortcomings of traditional (2D) imaging methods. Everyone will gain from these problems resolved. <br />Objectives: This study aims to evaluate two types of 2D (OPG), and 3D imaging (CBCT) approaches for diagnosing and treating maxillary impacted canines. Furthermore, to determine the best approach selection option for surgical removal procedures utilizing OPG and CBCT, focusing on the sagittal section for increased safety and efficiency. <br />Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective radiographic investigation of 80 patients with CBCT radiographic evaluation. Eighteen cases (22.5%) of men and 62 (77.5%) of women reported. Version 27 of SPSS used to analyze the data. The independent t-test offered information on the reliability of the quantitative variables. We utilized a Chi-square test for the qualitative analysis, and for the quantitative analysis, we used a cross-tabulation to determine the level of agreement. <br />Results: The t-test result, depending on surgical approach time, was 8.4; there is a significant difference between the two radiography prognosis, with p-values of (0.000) at the significant level (0.05). The %ages of agreement between impactions and surgical techniques ranged from 87.5% to 100%. <br />Conclusion: This study shows that the CBCT guide can provide accurate, reliable, and reproducible results in assessing and predicting the kind of impaction and surgical approach in a simple, time-saving manner.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_161571_1d18a55c82c067d692abc708ad07fb2b.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601A Flashback to Cholera Outbreaks in Kurdistan region-Iraq71216217110.24271/psr.2022.367483.1177ENKarzan SidiqMedical Laboratory Science Department
College of Medicals and Applied Sciences
Charmo University
46023 Chamchamal/ Sulaimani0000-0002-6992-1954Journal Article20221027Cholera is a contagious acute diarrheal disease due to ingestion of contaminated water and food with Vibrio cholera, a Gram-negative bacterium that naturally inhabits coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Millions of cholera cases and thousands of deaths are annually reported worldwide. Cholera is endemic in Iraq with every 3-5 years interval. Meanwhile, cholera outbreaks have been reporting in Kurdistan region. However, the epidemiology of the disease has not been investigated. This study comprehensively reviewed the cholera outbreaks in Kurdistan region, depending on the WHO situation reports, online resources and scientific researches. The results showed seven reported cholera outbreaks from 1995 to 2022. The cholera epidemics happened at irregular intervals that makes the prediction of next outbreak difficult. Moreover, the trend of cholera is greatly decreasing from thousands to hundreds of cases throughout the outbreaks and in total about 30 people died. These might be the consequences of effective prevention measures, population health and natural acquired immunity against cholera. It was found that Sulaymaniyah is the most affected governorate in the region. This is probably related to the contamination of the main drinking water resource, little Zab river. Besides, the irrigation of the vegetable fields with untreated sewage could be another cause. Also, both Inaba and Ogawa serotypes of Vibrio cholera, O1, El Tor individually caused the outbreaks. Thus, cholera outbreak will be happening in Kurdistan region, particularly in Sulaymaniyah governorate. This definitely needs more scientific investigations, hoping to tackle the future outbreaks and total eradication of the disease.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_162171_c13992adb4f17862fcea11d4bc2af7ac.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Medicinal plant feeding impact with different levels on meat quality in Hubbard broiler chicken131616220810.24271/psr.2022.350917.1152ENDlshad NamiqKhurshedDepartment of Agricultural Project Management, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, IraqMahir EssaJumaaDepartment of Agricultural Project Management, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20220728At the confluence of food science and animal science, using dietary techniques to improve the quality of meat may be a cutting-edge strategy. In this experiment, 200 chickens were separated into 20 cages, with each cage covering 10 chickens. Six chickens were chosen randomly to evaluate research parameters, and the findings were applied to a CRD (completely randomized design), which included five treatment groups and four replications. The effects of dietary (T1) control without Supplementation (T2) garlic powder, (T4) hot red pepper, (T3) dark pepper, and (T5) a mixture of them on the qualitative characteristics of chicken thigh and breast meat were assessed. Meat's chemical characteristics and quality assessments included assessments of the meat's quality (PH, moisture, protein, fat, and ash). Plant supplementations exhibited a significant (P≤0.05) impact on most of the evaluated chicken meat quality criteria, with black pepper being the exception. In conclusion, plant supplementations had a favorable impact on the quality of chicken meat.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_162208_9f3cca4679b5aa847dc362116719f175.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Analysis of the Effective Components of Cocos nucifera L. Oil on Atopic Dermatitis Skin Disease and Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria172316305210.24271/psr.2022.350403.1142ENTara FaeqM. SalihNursing Department, College of Health & Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0001-8642-125XJournal Article20220712Abstract<br />The major objective of the research was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial susceptibility to particular fatty acids contained in coconut oil on a collection of clinical isolates. especially, the chronic skin condition Atopic dermatitis (Atopic eczema). caused by gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). <br />Clinical isolates were collected from Shar Hospitals, and the organisms went through a typical biochemical examination evolution. While coconut oil was obtained using the centrifuge method to extract coconut oil (CE VCO). The sensitivity evaluation was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Lastly, used a measuring tool to estimate the inhibitory zones' diameter. In another hand, after analysis of the oil by GC-MASS, Coconut oil contained numerous chemical components and the highest amount was Oleic acid 54.62%, while the smallest amount was N-Hexadecanoic acid, N-Hexadecanoic acid, (Myristic acid), % 3.34. Sequentially, Heneicosane, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)- % 13.78, with 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid 11.23%, and Nonadecane and his isomers 5.77% percent. Coconut oil doesn't show any sensitivity and a high potential for antibacterial activity due to the high contents of medium and long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids so This study recommends further studies should be done on the oil and its derivative both in vitro and in vivo for showing its mechanisms of actions.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_163052_4982d71807a6386a3e49ae168908388d.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Most Reliable Haematological Indices for Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anaemia from Non-Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Reproductive-Age Females242916416810.24271/psr.2022.366774.1176ENAdnan LateefAbdulraheemDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmiany, Kalar, Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0002-2157-1676Mustafa YunisRashidDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmiany, Kalar, Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0002-2671-0233Gulzar StarHama AminDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmiany, Kalar, Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Rahma QasimDarwishDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmiany, Kalar, Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Rahman KarimFarajDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Ali JalakMuhialdinDepartment of Animal product, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Garmian, Kifry, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Shwan SardarWeliKalar General Hospital, Garmian Health Directorate, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Journal Article20221022Iron deficiency anaemia has become a major public health issue, especially in women of reproductive age. About 50% of anaemia is caused by iron deficiency anaemia. Numerous statistical procedures based on red blood cell parameters have been developed to easily, quickly, and inexpensively provide a differential diagnosis for the microcytic anaemia. The study aims to evaluate the reliability of the haematological discrimination indices (RBC count, Mentzer index, Red blood cell distribution width index (RDWI), Srivastava index, Green and King index, and Ehsani index) to distinguish iron deficiency anaemia from other causes of the microcytic anaemia. The blood samples were collected from non-pregnant women, and they had the microcytic anaemia. During the study, 101 blood samples were taken. A Complete blood count test and serum ferritin test were performed to calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for each discrimination indices. The validity of discrimination indices was evaluated by using Youden's index. <br />In correctly distinguishing iron deficiency anaemia from other causes of the microcytic anaemia, the Green and King index and RBC count showed the highest ability (77%) and (76%), respectively. None of the discrimination indices had 100% sensitivity or specificity. The highest and lowest sensitivity were found for the RBC count and RDWI, at 92% and 70%, respectively. The RDWI had the highest level of specificity (65%), and the Srivastava index had the lowest level of specificity (30%). The highest positive predictive value found for both Green and King, and RDWI was 78%, and the RBC count had the highest negative predictive value (78%). The Srivastava index had the lowest levels of positive and negative predictive values, 67% and 50%, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the most reliable index in the calculation of Youden's index is the Green and King index. It can be used as a pre-diagnostic tool for IDA and other causes of the microcytic anaemiahttps://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_164168_2c2b041eee4d1eafa422402adeeb70cc.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Effect of Blending Aromatic and Oxygenates Additives with Fuels to Enhance Fuel Properties303716417610.24271/psr.2022.360689.1159ENAhlam Mohamad ShakoorKareemPetroleum and Energy Engineering department, Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, IraqZheno KareemAhmedPetroleum and Energy Engineering department, Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, IraqSadonya JamalMustafaPetroleum department, Kurdistan Technical Institute, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20220907This work aims to show the influence of several oxygenates and aromatic additives in different types of unleaded fuels in the Kurdistan region of Iraq on upgrading the physicochemical properties of blends. Consuming super-grade gasoline as a fuel for automotive cars can produce large amounts of environmental emissions, a severe global problem, especially in the Kurdistan region in recent years. The physicochemical properties of mixtures, such as the research octane number (RON), Motor Octane number (MON), density, and distillation curves, will be tested by using ERASPEC spectroscopy as a fuel properties analyzer. As a result, the blending process has improved the gasoline grade to super grade by enhancing the physicochemical properties of blends. The additives used in this work as oxygenators are; Ethanol and Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) added to two base fuels, light Naphtha, and unleaded Gasoline, in various ratios of (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). An aromatic component (Aniline) is also mixed with light Naphtha and base gasoline in low concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). The results of blending Ethanol, MTBE, and Aniline with fuels demonstrate that the Research Octane Number RON and Motor Octane Number MON of fuels increase with the addition of different ratios of all-octane boosters. The best-recorded result of both types of octane numbers (13 points increased from the bases) is recorded by blending 3% of Aniline with the fuels. However, Ethanol can provide a more significant increase in (RON) and (MON) than MTBE for the same blending ratio. The Density of the mixtures also increases because both additives have a higher density than the fuel due to the presence of different hydrocarbon compounds. The mixture's distillation curves are distorted, especially when the low to the middle percent of blenders are added to fuels. However, higher percentages of additives show lower distillation temperatures.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_164176_5c79f6ce42c9adb193ff95f9230d62e2.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Investigation of biochemical profiles derived from different Fritillaria species in Kurdistan Region using GC-MS384516432710.24271/psr.2022.370102.1183ENHemin M. AkbarUniversity of Sulaimani, College of Sciences, Department of BiologyHoshyar AzeezSulaimani Polytechnic University, Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) DepartmentAsaad MohammedMahmoodDepartment of Biology, college of Education, University of GarmianJournal Article20221113Fritillaria species belongs to Liliaceae family, it has been used as medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. These plants are known with significant variations in their chemical profiles. Consequently, the characterization of the profile of the major bioactive constituents in various regions are important for pharmaceutical purposes. Despite the identification of numerous species of Fritillaria in Kurdistan, there is no previous study examining phytochemical components of Fritillaria in this region. This study aims to investigate the distribution of major bioactive compounds in wild bulbs of Fritillaria spp. in Kurdistan. 40 compounds were totally detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the detected compounds, 15 of them were previously found to have effective biological activities. Results have also shown that amongst the underlying Fritillaria species, variations of the types and quantities of the 15 bioactive compounds were significant. This result is of importance for the classification of different Fritillaria. spp. with distinct geographic distributions and medicinal applications.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_164327_924ff5887c3f257ad3a390a07615b682.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601A DFT study of structural, electronic and optical properties of Lead-free and Ge based cubic perovskite RbGeX3 (X= I, Br and Cl)465116488710.24271/psr.2023.371069.1187ENNawzad AbdullahAbdulkareemTheoretical physics group, Department of physics, faculty of science, university of ZakhoJournal Article20221120The current research uses density functional theory (DFT) approximations in conjunction with the plane wave-pseudopotential method to investigate structural, electronic, and optical properties of Pb-free cubic perovskite RbGeX3 (X= I, Br and Cl) materials. More specifically, Norm-conserving pseudopotential has been employed to describe the ion and valence electrons interaction, and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) flavor is used to represent the exchange-correlation part of the energy of the GGA approximation. Our calculated lattice constants are 5.95, 5.55, and 5.29 Å for RbGeX3 (where X=I, Br, and Cl), respectively, and they are of are in good agreement with available empirical and other values. The band structure shows the direct band gap nature of the three compounds under research here and our values of the band gap energy E_g are in good agreement with the other available results. Materials under research show response to the electromagnetic radiation starting from the infrared region to the very high energies (~33 eV). The RbGeI3 has the lowest E_g value at the low region energies and the highest optical response peaks but RbGeCl3 has the highest optical response peaks at energies located near ~20 eV. Our results show that these materials are good candidates for photo electronic applications including solar cells.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_164887_6afba084be593af45a9900c4ffa40d7d.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Potential of Fungal-Microalgal species in the Environmental Biotechnology525816504110.24271/psr.2022.370554.1185ENMuzhda QasimQaderEnvironmental Science and Health Department- College of Science- Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq.https://orcid.org/00Yahya AhmedShekhaEnvironmental Science and Health Department- College of Science- Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq.https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20221116Biotechnology involves the provision of services to society by microbial communities. By using microorganisms to detoxify contaminated water, one such service offers environmentally friendly solutions to the treatment of wastewater. Isolates of fungi Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and microalgal isolates Tetradesmus nygaardi and Scenedesmus quadricauda were efficiently utilized for the treatment of wastewater. The wastewater sample was taken from Erbil wastewater channel near Dhahibah village, the sample was analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, BOD5, PO4, NH4, NO3, and NO2 (every 3rd day) during 21 days of experiment. Results revealed that a mixed culture of S. quadricauda with T. nygaardi were shows the best removal of PO4, NH4, NO3 and NO2 in which 94.94%, 90.73%, 88.23%, 93.84% respectively. Whereas a mixed culture of T. nygaardi with A. niger showed the best removal of BOD5 (94.9%), while the highest reduction in electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid were recorded by mix culture of Aspergillus niger with Candida albicans 81.65% and 81.52%. Statistically, there were a significant difference (p≤0.05) between control and all microbial stains for all wastewater tested variables.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_165041_67c9d7ffecf0259c9b46416f49e3ec9d.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Effects of Vehicle Mileage Rate on Engine Oil Properties596416564410.24271/psr.2023.376018.1191ENDana KareemHameedDepartment of Electrical Techniques, Darbandikhan Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Darbandikhan, Province, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20221209The research focuses on the relationship between automotive mileage and its effect on engine oil deterioration. The effects of the new (2020) and old (2012) engines on the most important parameters, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and fire point were investigated. Measurements were performed on four-engine oil samples. Profi-car Endurance SAE 10W-30 semi-synthetic was used for all the engines. The maximum trip length for the oil samples was 8,000 Km. Kinematic viscosity was measured by using a KV1000 Bath (according to the ASTM D445). In addition, the flash point and fire point of the samples were determined by using the Open Cleveland method. This work investigates the difference between old and new engines in actual use on the roads in the rate of decrease in engine oil properties. The cumulative results obtained help drivers protect their car engines by changing engine oil when the engine’s mileage is above 100,000 Km. The comparison of the average results shows that the rate of deterioration of used oil in old engines is higher than in the new engines. It has been shown that the rate of difference in oil viscosity deterioration between old and new engines at cold temperatures, 40°C, and 100°C were 9.3%, 10%, and 4.78% respectively. Also, the different rate for the oil flash points and fire points was 5.56% and 6.75%.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_165644_7014af43dae4afd7a586bd345e6ad7e1.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Evaluation of the antimicrobial prescribing pattern and the stewardship programs among COVID-19 hospitals in the capital city of Kurdistan-Northern Iraq: A multicenter point prevalence study657116591010.24271/psr.2023.370659.1186ENBelan RahmanMustafaCollege of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical UniversityAmanj KurdiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, HMUJournal Article20221117Abstract <br />Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to healthcare system as making infections difficult to be cured and enhances disease transmission and death. Thus, prudent antimicrobial use is crucial to combat AMR, particularly in Erbil City/Northern Iraq because of the high rate of multidrug-resistance microorganisms. There is limited data on the extent and quality of antimicrobial use in Kurdistan, including COVID-19 hospitals. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and quality indicators of antimicrobial use, the status of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and hospital capacity infrastructures. From September 30th 2021 to February 8th 2022, all COVID-19 hospitals in Erbil/Northern Iraq were surveyed using the Global point prevalence survey methodology. Prevalence of antimicrobial use was at the top (100%, n = 71/71), and carbapenem was the most used antimicrobial class (44.0%, n = 55/125). The majority of the prescribed antimicrobials were in WHO Watch class (88.4%, n = 76/86), high use of parenteral therapy (99.2%, n = 124/125), low targeted therapy (2.4%, n = 3/125) and neither stop/review dates documented, nor local guidelines were available. ASP was not implemented while most of the hospitals had a priority for the medium or long term to implement ASP (66.7%, n = 2/3) out of 11 hospital capacity infrastructures, only four of them were present adequately. The findings demonstrated a high and sub-optimal quality of antimicrobial prescriptions, lack of ASP, and inadequate hospital capacity infrastructures. Quick action is necessary to establish ASP to combat antimicrobial resistance, and the critical target areas include development of the local guidelines and documenting stop/review date.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_165910_fdb518394a9cc91f593e97bd25019a7e.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Effect of lipid peroxidation on sperm motility in Asthenozospermia infertile men727716668710.24271/psr.2023.368563.1178ENAryan HameedFatahpharmaceutical chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo UniversityAyad FaeqPalaniDepartment of chemistry, college of science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan region, Iraq0000-0001-7806-9903BAKHTYAR KAMALAZIZApplied Chem., College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University0000-0003-3348-4884Journal Article20221105Sperm motility is necessary for regular fertilization because spermatozoa must travel far in the female genitaltract to defuse and fertilize the oocyte. Low sperm motility, also known as as thenozoospermia (AZ), is a prevalent cause of infertility in men. AZ is defined as a low percentage of forwarding (progressive motility), fewer than 30%, or a lack of sperm motility in examined total ejaculation. Reduced sperm motility may result from an unhealthy lifestyle, obesity, environmental pollution, oxidative stress, smoking, alcohol intake, or may be idiopathic. Oxidative may damage different sperm components like DNA, proteins, or lipids.This study aims to determine a possible relationship between semen antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and sperm motility parameters in asthenozoospermic men.Twenty-three healthy fertile males and 57 AZ infertile men were included in this study. Samples were obtained after 3-4 days of abstinence from sexual intercourse. Exclusion criteria included medication use, smoking, drinking alcohol, chronic illness(such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.), varicocele and high viscid samples.<br />The results revealed a remarkable decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and a high increase in semen plasma malondialdehyde in the asthenozoospermic group. The decrease in SOD activity leads to an increase in superoxide anionlevel (O2•‾), which induces lipid peroxidation in the spermatozoa membrane.Lipid peroxidation frequently affects spermatozoa motility by affecting sperm membrane and fluidity and followed by mitochondrial defect and a concomitant decrease in energy generation.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_166687_02e16d3c600caa1c453941944fdd4323.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Synthesis of A New Series of Benzothiazole Compounds and Study of Their Liquid Crystal Properties788416779910.24271/psr.2023.376982.1196ENRebaz AOMERKoya University, Faculty of Science and Health, Department of Chemistry, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0002-3774-6071Rebaz AMustafaKoya University, Faculty of Science and Health, Department of Chemistry, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Sallaw SalihKoya University, Faculty of Science and Health, Department of Chemistry, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Wali HamadKoya University, Faculty of Science and Health, Department of Chemistry, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Salam TaherKoya University, Faculty of Science and Health, Department of Chemistry, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Journal Article20221216Abstract <br />A series of benzothiazole Schiff bases with different benzyloxy chain lengths (4-alkoxy-benzylidene)-(6-pentyloxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-amines are synthesized possessing different carbon chains at the alkoxy substituent (O-CnH2n + 1, n = 1 to 6). Synthesized compounds are thoroughly characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Differential polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to investigate the mesomorphic phase behavior of the synthesized Schiff bases. Liquid crystal phases have been observed for each compound within the series (n = 1 to 5). All of the substances show both the N and SmC phases, particularly when n=6, the N phase is not visible, and only the SmC phase is present.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_167799_1d86b6e17af9e20bbf9953ae8766cb10.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Investigation of Voltage Profiles and Power Losses in Radial Distribution Feeders Based on Smart Meter Data (Raparin Substation as a Case Study)859316798310.24271/psr.2023.382269.1235ENChra RaufUniversity of Sulaimani-College of Engineering-Electrical DepartmentAsso MajeedUniversity of Sulaimani/college of engineering/Electrical departmentJournal Article20230119In modern societies, electric energy usage become an essential need in daily life. The number of customers and their appliances increases continuously and the load (stress) on the distribution feeders increases accordingly. The distribution feeder is the final stage that delivers energy to the customers directly and contributes to about eighty percent of the power outages to the customers. <br />Previously, conducting studies on distribution networks was difficult, because of the difficulty to collect data and sometimes due to the unavailability of accurate data. Nowadays emerging smart meters (SM) in distribution networks provide a great opportunity to collect the necessary data for such studies. <br />In this study, the data was collected for ten feeders of the Raparin substation as a case study, since they are provided with smart meters for the transformers and all the consumers. These feeders consist of 156 branches and 331 nodes. In order to deliver good power to the customers and obtain their satisfaction it is necessary to monitor and control the operation of the distribution feeders.<br />Modeling and simulation for each feeder with different case studies are achieved during maximum and minimum load periods using ETAB software. Power flow using ETAB at maximum load is performed in order to find active and reactive losses with voltage profiles in each branch and at each node. While the power flow during minimum load is necessary to monitor the increase in voltage level so as that avoid undesirable events.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_167983_ee2af2b82192f6e832bd5e13111e350b.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601The attitude of mobile apps and it impact in Health and life services through pandemic (Covid-19) in Iraq: National Survey.9410216805710.24271/psr.2023.380083.1222ENHezha M.TareqAbdulhadiNational Institute of Technology(NIT)/ IT Department0000-0001-7977-5324Muhammed HusseinAliComputer Engineering Technique, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq0000-0001-7923-320XHardi SabahTalabaniComputer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Charmo University, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20230107Through and after the period of quarantine of the COVID-19 epidemic, The Mobile Applications developed for different purposes and goals such as contacts and patients tracing, digital services, monitoring and testing, epidemiological research, and quarantine compliance. The main aim of this study is to highlight the effect of mobile pandemic applications in Iraqi society and the trustworthiness in developer and distributor of apps. To this end, we explored differences in attitudes of smartphone users towards pandemic apps and sharing the data in order to conduct research. The method adopted to conduct the survey in this study its Email and telephone based survey of (318) participants adults over 18 years old in Iraq, A total of (315) could be used for statistical analysis. This 9-item survey examined current use of epidemic applications, motivations for using or not using them, trust in app distributors, data handling (storing and transmitting data), willingness to share coded data with researchers using a pandemic app, attitudes toward app use among people, demographics, and personal characteristics. The results of this study showed that most participants stated they were using smartphones (307/315, 97.5) but only (77/307, 24.4) are using pandemic apps in their smartphone. Intriguingly, in this survey when participants asked for the preferable organizations for storing data and application division, trust in governmental (federal or state government, regional health office), public-appointed (statutory health insurance), or government-funded organizations (research institutes) was much higher than in private organizations (private research institutions, clinics, health insurances, information technology companies).https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_168057_4e14a32a3d125bdf585964d8b817d57a.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Solubility of Iron (Fe II) in the Long Term Vegetable Growing in Calcareous Soils10310916812610.24271/psr.2023.377828.1204ENMuhammed SaeedRasheedHalabja Technical College of Applied Science
Halabje
Zamaqi0000-0002-0792-4180Journal Article20221222In the calcareous soils, iron solubility is very limited due to high pH value and high calcium carbonate content. In this study, the solubility and partition coefficient of Iron in the range of vegetable grown calcareous soils from Sulaymaniyah province, Iraqi Kurdistan were studied. The aim of this study was to determine the Fe mineral that controls the solubility of Fe and range of Fe adsorbing in these soils. A total of 21 soil samples were incubated for 56 days and periodically at (1, 7, 14, 28, and 56) the soluble Fe was determined. The results indicate that the solubility of Fe in the studied soils were saturated with respect to siderite in all the studied soils and incubation period with slight fluctuation. Soluble Fe is negatively correlated with total Fe in soil and pH values but highly correlated with DOC and TDC. Also, a low range of Log Kd values from 0.11±0.04 to 1.90±0.03 for Fe was recorded indicating low adsorption capacity for Fe by soils due to the presence of a high amount of organic matter in the studied soils. High correlation was found between Log Kd values with DOC and TIC in all soils. From the results it is concluded that siderite is dominant Fe minerals in Iraqi Kurdistan calcareous soils and soil organic matter has the main role in increasing Fe availability.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_168126_0d3d5b0283a36adb051107064d3bd6cf.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Evaluation the Impact of Chlorination on the Development of Chlorine and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Isolates in Public Swimming Pools11012016892810.24271/psr.2023.379749.1218ENHastyar Hama RashidNajmuldeenMedical Laboratory Analysis Department / College of health sciences / Cihan University Sulaimaniya.0000-0002-7710-6845Chawan HazharRazaqBiology department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20230104Water is necessary for human daily activities and acts as a vehicle for the transmission of several waterborne diseases. This study was designed to investigate the bacteriological safety of water in swimming pools in Sulaymaniyah city-Iraq. For this purpose, during summer time (August to September 2021), sixty-seven water samples were collected from eight indoor public swimming pools. The physicochemical parameters were measured and the bacteriological assessment was done using the Most Probable Number test. The diversity of microbial communities was then assessed using the Vitek 2 compact and the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, the chlorine resistance test and biofilm formation were quantified using the microdilution technique and crystal violet staining method, respectively. Moreover, the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility. <br />Variable results of the physicochemical analysis were recorded for each of the temperatures (25.81±1.16 to 28.69±1.03 °C), pH (7.02±0.24 to 7.46±0.31), and free chlorine (0.12±0.05 to 1.38±1.24 mg L-1). MPN negative results revealed that non-lactose fermenting bacteria were detected in 80% of the water samples, including Enterobacter cloacae 34/59 (57.63%), and Pseudomonas spp. 10/59 (16.95%), and other important opportunistic pathogens 15/59 (25.42%). The contamination rate was strongly correlated with the sources of water used for the swimming pool and the free chlorine concentrations in the pools. Chlorine resistance test results revealed variations for all isolated bacteria ranging from 1.25 to 5 mg L-1. Moreover, a negative linear correlation was found between chlorine concentrations, and both bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Most significantly, there was a strong positive correlation (r=0.90 to 0.98) between the degree of biofilm formation and bacterial growth. Moreover, different antibiogram profiles were recorded for the 15 antibiotics used in this study.<br />It can be concluded that most of the studied swimming pools are heavily contaminated by chlorine and antibiotic-resistant waterborne pathogens.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_168928_c70ce373e6d45cc8c69986d1f4c43c97.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Strength Prediction of FRCM Confined Cylindrical Concrete Specimens by Artificial Neural Network12112716900710.24271/psr.2023.383129.1239ENGhazi BahrozJumaaBuilding and Construction Engineering Department, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraqorcid.org/0000-0001-6442-5401Journal Article20230125This paper presents developing a new model for predicting the strength capacity of cylindrical concrete specimens confined with Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) by using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. For this purpose, a database of 127 reliable specimen results was assembled from the literature. The most sensitive parameters in the strength enhancement were used as input values for the development of the new model which sequentially are; the strength of unconfined concrete, the tensile strength of fabric meshes, the strength of the matrix, the mechanical reinforcement ratio, and the thickness of the matrix. The new model was trained, validated, and tested using MATLAB, which produced a model with a mean square error of 0.00105 and an R-value of 0.9921 that had excellent prediction capacity and high accuracy. Moreover, to evaluate the reliability and validity of the ANN simulated model, the new model was verified against other available models and design code equations in the literature by using different specimens than that used for model development. The new model showed excellent results compared to other models and demonstrated the least rate of average absolute error of about 9%. Finally, a parametric study was investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of sensitive variables on confinement efficiency. The outcomes demonstrated that the new model's predictions for all parameters and the physical performance of the test results were in good agreement.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169007_048350370de5279a9b190c26d6953acb.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Expression Profile of PBRM1, PLAU and CLEC3B Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma12813316903610.24271/psr.2023.376917.1195ENKarzan GhafoorKhidhirDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of SulaimaniJournal Article20221216Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common type of human cancer which is capable of metastasis and is the second-leading cause of skin cancer death. Various molecular mechanisms play a role in the development of HNSCC. This study investigates expression levels of PBRM1, PLAU, and CLEC3B genes in HNSCC compared to normal tissue to identify their potential use as molecular biomarkers for HNSCC diagnosis; and uses bioinformatics analysis to detect the functional association of the target genes. <br />HNSCC skin and matched normal tissue were obtained from patients underwent surgical removal treatment. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were carried out to detect the relative expression levels of PBRM1, PLAU, and CLEC3B genes. The potential use of PBRM1, PLAU, and CLEC3B expression as diagnostic biomarkers was studied using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis. GeneMANIA software was used to analyze the functionally relevant genes. <br />RT-qPCR showed that expression of PLAU and PBRM1 genes were significantly up-regulated by 2.4 and 1.8 fold, respectively, in the HNSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. In comparison, the expression level of CLEC3B was decreased by -1.4 fold in the HNSCC compared to normal tissues. The diagnostic performance criteria of PBRM1, PLAU, and CLEC3B assessed with the ROC curve and AUC analysis demonstrated that they could be used as potential biomarkers for the HNSCC diagnosis. The network of interaction between the genes generated by GeneMANIA showed that our target genes had multiple interactions with several other genes and the most significant interactions were physical interactions and co-expression. <br />The outcomes of this study suggest that PBRM1, PLAU, and CLEC3B genes play roles in the development of HNSCC, and they can be used as potential molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of HNSCC.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169036_a35c26ae09bcbd3ff0fad8254c84f5ff.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Factors affecting customer satisfaction with Internet services in Sulaimani Governorate, KRI13414316903710.24271/psr.2023.378420.1209ENTwana HusseinShareefUniversity of Sulaimani
College of commerce
Information Technology DepartmentBilal NajmaddinRashidUniversity of Sulaimani
College of commerce
Information Technology DepartmentAzhi AbdalmohammedFarajDepartment of Information Technology, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq, Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, TurkeyJournal Article20221227The importance of customer satisfaction to commercial enterprises has increased in recent decades. Therefore, the customer satisfaction level is a performance benchmark and a potential criterion for excellence in any organization. This study aims to determine and analyze the factors contributing to customer satisfaction in Sulaimani City – Kurdistan Region Iraq (KRI) and identify the most significant factors customers consider when purchasing an Internet Service Provider. A survey methodology was used to collect primary data from 354 subscribers of Internet service providers. The significance of determinants of customer satisfaction has been evaluated, and their relationship with it has been analyzed using several approaches. In this study, descriptive analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient, Pearson correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were conducted. This research found that the multiple regression model was significant (F-test (5,345) = 104.16), (p-value < .001), (R Squared (R2) = .60). The most potent influences on consumer satisfaction were Internet Quality (IQ), Customer Loyalty (CL), Price Structure (PS), and Customer Support (CS), while Company Trust (CT) was the weakest. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Finally, a linear correlation exists between the dependent variable (Customer satisfaction) and the independent variables (CS, IQ, CT, PS, and CL). There is the highest correlation between Internet Quality and Company Trust (0.74).https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169037_4c6363739042967a56714cdc20aa106a.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Fault Detection of Underground Cable Using FFT in Kurdistan Area14415216944010.24271/psr.2023.388610.1275ENAzad HusseinZubairElectrical Department, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, F. R. IraqKamal Sheikh YounisElectrical Department, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20230306Compared to circuits with greater nominal voltages, the modeling and computation of a single phase-to-earth fault of the distribution for underground cables have unique characteristics. This work presents a mathematical analysis and modeling of 3-phase, open circuit, and single line-to-ground cables for the Azadi distribution substation lines. The feature of increased harmonic amplification of individual frequencies is that detecting single-phase faults can be determined using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. The validity of chain equivalent schemas with constant parameters for a single frequency makes it possible to investigate the nature of wave process through the discrete selection of parameters. The proposed method selected several cases of the wave cycles for both voltage and current. Also, during the analysis, several starting times before and after the fault is chosen to determine the total wave distortion. The results show that the best analysis that could detect the faults is three cycles. All the FFT is done using the MATLAB Simulink program.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169440_0052299000d55e082abc396548ac71d7.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Detection of Adulteration and toxic minerals analysis of Infant Milk Powder: an integrated approach to milk quality15316016966810.24271/psr.2023.378253.1207ENRamal AhmedZanganaChemistry, College of Education, University of GarmianJournal Article20221225Adulterants in milk can cause significant health problems and even deadly illnesses. Because there are no laws or monitoring measures, both developed and developing nations are more in danger. Consequently, 9 elements (Ca, Na, Se, Zn, Fe, Mn, K, Al, and Cd) in a total of seven infant formula samples from seven different brands were identified using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). <br />To determine the minerals in the samples. Ca was the major macro element with the highest concentration of 1547.6 mg/kg wet weight in M4, and among trace elements, Zn stands at 3.8 mg/kg wet weight as a higher value in M5. The higher concentration found for Al 3.024 mg/kg wet weight in M5 surpasses the maximum limit set by European regulations. When dried milk was reconstituted, the pH and acidity of all samples were virtually identical to cow milk. pH reached 6.44 - 7.15, and acidity was from 0.14-0.19. While the higher chloride content recorded in the M4 and M7 was 0.82 ppm. The range of total solids was 11.2-12.4%. Some adulteration tests yielded negative results, indicating that no adulterant ingredients were discovered in the milk samples examined. Founded on the results, it is potential to conclude that there was a significant variation in the quality of milk samples obtained from various locations in Kalar City, regarding the standard of the parameters and the powder, the milk samples were of good qualityhttps://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169668_952619093bff5a58a2d2b9007c77eab4.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Representative and Map Analysis for Irrigation Water Quality Status and Heavy Metal Indices in Qurato River, by using GIS16117016971910.24271/psr.2023.381834.1233ENBasim ShakirAl-ObaidiTikrit University, Collage of Agriculture, Soil and Water Science Department, IraqAbdulmutalib RaafatSarhatCollage of Education - University of Garmian0000-0002-8020-4462Aram HassanMohammedDepartment of Social Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan, IraqJournal Article20230116The research paper aims to assess the quality of Qurato River water by using three indexes which are Irrigation Water Quality Guideline (IWQG), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HIP) and Metal Index (MI). Ten (10) sampling stations were appointed along the river stream from Parwezkhan to Kalar, where the Qurato River flows into the Sirwan River. The samples were analyzed in terms of physicochemical parameters including concentrations of cations, anions, (EC) and six heavy metals including (Al), (Fe), (Cd), (Pb), (As) and (Cr). The results reveals that the (IWQG) were ranged from (44.66) to (69.27) with an average of (60.31) and the majority of the stations fall within moderate restriction class. Also, the average value of the HPI ranged between (17.1) and (30.7), which denotes that most of water samples in Qurato River falls under (Medium) class; while, only one station showed high value of HIP (>30). This station is located in Parwezkhan Border Crossing, where the qualities control laboratories effluents are discharged directly into the river without any treatment. Besides, the average of MI for irrigation uses was (0.46) which fall within the (pure) class. Therefore, the research revealed that water in Qurato River is safe for irrigation purpose.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169719_259d0aac2d1dd86c85c631a4b7132e21.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601PPARG and FTO gene variants and their association with type 2 diabetes in the Kurdish population17117716972010.24271/psr.2023.386183.1254ENSally KhalilBaqerMLT department, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IraqNzar Ali AmeenShwanMLT department, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IraqJournal Article20230217Abstract <br />Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is considered the most common form of diabetes; it develops when pancreatic cells produce an excess amount of insulin, which leads to insulin resistance by peripheral cells. T2D is an illness caused by interactions between genetics and environmental factors. Genetic factors are involved in the evolution of T2D, and several genetic variants increase the risk of developing T2D. The SNPs rs1801282 in the PPARG gene and rs9939609 in the FTO gene were found to be associated with increasing the risk of T2D in different populations. We aimed to discover if rs1801282 in the PPARG gene and rs9939609 in the FTO gene are responsible for increasing the risk of T2D in the Kurdistan population. In the current study, DNA from 200 unrelated samples (100 T2D and 100 non-diabetic control) individuals were genotyped using Allele-specific PCR for both SNPs. The PCR methods were validated by the Sanger sequencing method.<br />The association analysis for the rs1801282 variant (adjusted by sex, age, and BMI) showed significant differences between the case and the control groups; individuals with genotypes (GG and GC) had a higher risk of the disease (p-value = 0.0045, OR = 3.96, 95%CI: 1.31-11.94) than genotype (CC). On the contrary, there were no significant differences (p-value= 0.39) between the case and control groups for the rs9939609 variant.<br />Our finding suggested that the variant rs1801282 in the PPARG gene was a suspectable SNP in T2D in the Kurdish population, while SNP rs9939609 in the FTO gene was not associated with T2D. Further investigations with larger number of samples are required to validate our findings.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_169720_48bacca85919d6871b796ab8ca365e91.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Prediction of soil total nitrogen based on total organic carbon using different models in soils from the Iraqi Kurdistan Region17818217021010.24271/psr.2023.388581.1274ENKamal HamaKarimUniversity of Sulaimani - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Kurdistan region - Iraq0000 – 0002 – 8278-Journal Article20230305Determining the total nitrogen in the soil in a lab takes a long time and requires a lot of different chemicals; this method could be faster and cheaper. Therefore, using pedotransfer to predict total nitrogen (TN) in soil based on soil organic carbon (SOC) is more convenient and economical. Using five equations, including exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial, and power models, to predict TN from SOC. The results showed that TN could be predicted as a function of SOC, and the Bland-Altman approach was used to compare the predicted soil TN with the measured TN in the lab. The mean difference between the two approaches at 95% limits of agreement between field and lab measurements of soil TN was 0.000 g kg -1. The calculated values for the soil TN pedotransfer function were - 0.350 and + 0.350 g kg-1. The polynomial model (TN = - 0.667 + 0.203 x OC - 0.004 * OC2) and linear model (TN = - 0.263 + 0.124*OC) equations were considered the best model for predicting soil total nitrogen of studied soils due to their high R2 (0.820, and 0.814) and low RMSE (0.183, and 0.184).https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170210_8863f80a2f9a35925b8b46e19be05237.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Foliar Application of NPK Improves Growth, Yield and Fiber Morphological Properties of Some Kenaf Varieties18319017021110.24271/psr.2023.387988.1267ENRabar Fatah SalihField Crops and Medicinal Plants Dep., College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0001-6764-6795Tara Namiq IsmailDepartment of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Ekhlass Mamand HamadDepartment of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Journal Article20230302Different concentrations of NPK fertilizer as a main factor with humic acid as a basal applied to enhance growth, fiber yield and bast morphological properties of three kenaf varieties. The research was done at Grdarasha Field/ Erbil, Kurdistan in summer season 2021. Results showed the significance differences among all growth, quantity and quality properties except of few situations. The highest plant height was noted from FH952 (V1), while the biggest stem diameter was by 4202 (V3), and the highest value of the leaf number was by 4383 (V2), which were (3.70 m, 23.77 mm and 214.67 leaf/plant), respectively. Foliar application of NPK caused to increase fresh and dry matter of total stem, bast and core fiber yields when 2000 mg L-1 applied to plants. Interaction between factors was also significantly affected all studied parameters. The biggest total fresh and dry stalk yield were noted of FH952 var. when 2000 mg L-1 NPK was added (V1NPK1), which were by (284.93 and 72.80 t/ha), respectively. While, the longest single fiber length was recorded in the situation of (V3NPK2), 4202 var. with 4000 mg L-1 NPK by almost (6 mm). Despite that, other bast fiber morphology properties changed dramatically in the other states of interaction between factors. Both concentrations of foliar application of NPK 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 were suggested to use as a nutrient supplement to the kenaf plants, since it caused to improve not just growth parameters but also quantity and quality properties of the stalk and fiber yields.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170211_3a9bfa508cda3fa50c8ed40510bffb97.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Cultivated Natural Fiber Crops in Iraq and their Uses: A Review19120117021210.24271/psr.2023.387490.1265ENNeven AzadEzaddinSalahaddin university- college of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-department of Field Crops and Medicinal PlantsRabar Fatah SalihField Crops and Medicinal Plants-Salahaddin university-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-Iraq-Erbil-Kurdistan region0000-0001-6764-6795Journal Article20230226Natural fibers or fibers derived from crop plants, which divided into different types according to their extraction place like seed, bast (stem), leaf fibers and fruit fibers. Fiber crops have many advantages that can be used in textile industries for making cloths, papers, towels, ropes and in other products such as in food, medicines, cosmetic, construction material, animal feed and blended with other by products for composite preparation. As well as, natural fibers are renewable, cheap, environmentally friendly, low weight, low cost, not toxic as compared to synthetic fibers, and produced in a wide scale worldwide. Therefore, the objective of this review is to determine the fiber crops which cultivated in Kurdistan Region and Iraq such as; cotton, flax, date palm, jute and kenaf. Nowadays, can say that cultivation these crops in Iraq are limited by the farmers. It is sowed just on research scope, which is due to absence of industries, environmental changes and may also due to the war in the region. Furthermore, for encouraging farmers for cultivating fiber crops, there should be companies and factories utilizing fiber crops in different scopes. Besides, researchers and scientists should work on developing natural fibers, which are known as ecofriendly fibers, based on the findings of this study.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170212_d31fb1fcca08fc45223bfc52ec8f11a1.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Productivity of Maize Cultivars Under Irrigation with Two Water Sources20220617021310.24271/psr.2023.378513.1212ENLana DhahirMohammedSalahaddin University -
Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Kurdistan region - Iraq0000-0002-5209-3777Journal Article20221228Today, one of the biggest issues in the world is excessive water usage. One solution to this issue is the using aquaculture effluents to irrigate cropland, instead of their discarding to substitute directly using irrigated water supplemented with fertilizers. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fish pond irrigation and normal water irrigation on the development of two cultivars of maize crops. This experiment was conducted from June to November 2022 in the research field of the Fish Resources Department, Grdarasha Field, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region. Two cultivars of maize (Glorya Zemun Polje and DKC 6664 Monsanto) were used in this study irrigated with two different sources of water (Normal water and Fish Pond water) in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, each with three replications. The plot area is about 7.5 m2 (3 m × 2.5 m). Every two weeks after emerges plant high, leaf area index, dry mass, tassel, and ear length were measured. The results showed that no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among cultivars, source of water, and their interaction on plant height, leaf area index, dry mass, tassel and ear length, and grain yield parameters, except fish pond water significantly (P<0.05) increased leaf dry weight compared to the normal water at eight weeks after emerges. Also, the interaction between both cultivars with normal water significantly (P<0.05) increased the leaf area index compared to the interaction between cultivar two with fish pond water two weeks after emergence. This form of irrigation is important because it is organic, environmentally friendly, and a sustainable type of farming.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170213_d2d37b78efcccdd67b7fbf2b406119b1.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601Prevalence of Silent Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Genes Among Clinical Isolates Fluoroquinolone-Sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae20721217025710.24271/psr.2023.386813.1269ENMustafa MasoodAbdulkareemDepartment of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Technology-Shekhan, Duhok Polytechnic University Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0001-9849-6523Najim A. YassinDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Masood A. AbdulrahmanDepartment of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Technology-Shekhan, Duhok Polytechnic University Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Journal Article20230302Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes confer varying degrees of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. Silent antibiotic resistance genes are DNA sequences typically not expressed, spread among strains through horizontal gene transfer, and could be active due to gene transfer. This study aimed to detect silent PMQR genes among FQs-sensitive K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Duhok province, Iraq. Standard microbiological methods were performed to identify K. pneumoniae, and then these bacteria were confirmed by species-specific genes. Samples were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, then detection of targeted PMQR genes was done by the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Out of, 120 K. pneumoniae, 32 FQs-sensitive K. pneumoniae isolates were subjected for the molecular study; 53.1% of isolates (17/32) harbored silent PMQR genes, and among harbored PMQR genes, the frequency of genes was 12/17 (70.6%), 6/17 (35.3%), 5/7 (29.4%), 4/17 (23.5%) for, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac (6′)-Ib- cr respectively, in addition, 9/17 (53%) of isolates harbored more than one gene of PMQR genes. Furthermore, the qnrA gene had the highest percentage of PMQR genes, while the qepA gene was not detected. The dissemination of silent PMQR genes could offer a future risk for public health under the selective pressure of an antibiotic for a long time or transfer to other bacteria and then become active genes.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170257_81786f4b45a6a348faf20be94b6f8f67.pdfUniversity of GarmianPasser Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences270659445120230601The efficacy of using olive cake as a by-product and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and blood characteristics of broiler chickens21321717035310.24271/psr.2023.388533.1273ENYadgar Ghali SalihDepartment of Animal Resource, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Rebin AswadMirzaDepartment of Animal Resource, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.0000-0003-0046-4916Journal Article20230305Olive cake has high nutritional content, which can be used as a protein and fat sources in poultry diets. The main aim of the work was to determine the impact of using different levels of Olive cake as food processing by-products and probiotics in a broiler diets and their efficacy on growth performance and blood characteristics. In the feeding experiment, 336-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were raised for 42 days. They were randomly divided into seven designed groups experimentally; each included four replicates and 12 chicks. The dietary treatments were as follows; Basal diet without Olive cake (T1), Basal diet with (4%, 8% and 12%) olive cake for (T2, T3 and T4), respectively, and Basal diet with (4%, 8% and 12%) Olive cake + 0.4 g/kg Iraqi probiotic for (T5, T6 and T7), respectively. The results indicated that 4% OC with 0.4 g/kg probiotic showed the highest, live body weight, body weight gain, European Production Efficacy Factor and improved Feed conversion ratio at the end of the experiment. Also, the supplementation of Olive cake with or without probiotics substantially increased lymphocyte numbers, lowered Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and decreased cholesterol levels compared to the control group at the end of the bird’s life. Also, haematological and biochemical parameters significantly (P<0.05) were improved when 4% Olive cake 0.4 g/kg probiotic was added to the diet of broilers. In conclusion, Olive cake and probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on chicken performance and blood characteristics of broilers.https://passer.garmian.edu.krd/article_170353_52844e9e8e9b568a113bb0613af925e5.pdf