Biology
Karzan Jalal Salih
Abstract
AbstractThe Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) protein is one of the ribosomal proteins that is located in the small subunit which is maintained across most of the eukaryotes and functions as a flexible scaffold protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. It is considered as a highly conserved ...
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AbstractThe Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) protein is one of the ribosomal proteins that is located in the small subunit which is maintained across most of the eukaryotes and functions as a flexible scaffold protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. It is considered as a highly conserved protein that found in a wide range of tryptophan-aspartate (WD40) repeat proteins of eukaryotic organisms, from Chlamydomonas to plants and mammals. RACK1 adopts a propeller structure with seven blades structures, enabling the binding capability of the protein. RACK1 participates in shuttling and anchoring of proteins around the cells at certain positions and it stabilizes protein production during translation. RACK1 is a member of the protein family WD repeat that consists of seven-bladed β- propeller structure which shares important homology to the G-proteins (Gb) β-subunit. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, multiple receptors of the cell surface and the nuclear proteins. RACK1 is a key mediator of different pathways and contributes to a variety of cellular functional aspects. This review discusses the main function of RACK1 protein in eukaryotes including animals and plants. Furthermore, we will show the recent study on RACK1 function in different organisms.
Agriculture
Khalid Jabar Aziz
Abstract
A cross- sectional survey was conducted in Erbil province from April to July 2021 to estimate the prevalence of major Ixodid ticks on ruminants and to identify tick species using morphological and molecular tools. A total of 687 animals (202 cattle, 287 sheep and 198 goats) examined, and 254 (36.9 %) ...
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A cross- sectional survey was conducted in Erbil province from April to July 2021 to estimate the prevalence of major Ixodid ticks on ruminants and to identify tick species using morphological and molecular tools. A total of 687 animals (202 cattle, 287 sheep and 198 goats) examined, and 254 (36.9 %) were infested. About 381 ticks were collected from examined animals. The result identified two genera of six species of the hard ticks based on morphological, molecular investigation. The identified adult ticks morphologically were belonging to the two Ixodid genera, among which three species belonged to the genus Hyalomma (Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum and H. exacavatum), and three species belonged to the genus Rhipocephalus (Rhipocephalus sanguineu, Rhipocephalus turanicus, and Rhipocephalus B. annulatus). R. annulatus was the dominant tick species infesting cattle with 50% which was significantly higher at P>0.05 than the other isolated species. Whereas H. excavatum and R. sanguineus was the prodominant tick species infesting sheep with 29.1% and 28.3 %respectively. While the infestation rate on goats was 16.7%, R. sanguineus was the most prevailed species infesting goats with 45.4% at (P>0.05). R. sanguineus were the predominant tick reported in Erbil governorate with 29.1% at (P>0.05)., while H. excavatum was reported in low percentage in Erbil at 10.2%. DNA samples from sixty ticks were chosen for molecular studies in order to detect tick species using a conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determine their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the Gen Bank. PCR and the sequencing have confirmed the morphological-based identification, Phylogenetic study revealed that the three Rhipicephalus genotypes revealed from the current study with accession number (MZ663757-MZ663759) were have a highly identical nucleotide sequence 99-100% with a strain of a Rhipicephalus turanicus, R. annulatus and R. sanguineus strain sequence (KY583068, MN594491 and MN594492) from China, and Iraq respectively. On the other hand phylogenetic analysis of Hyalomma genotypes from the present work with accession number (MZ663760-MZ663762) were closely related to a Hyalomma anatolicum, H. marginatum and Hyalomma exacavatum (MK829042, MG418663, and KP210047) from Egypt, Turkey and India respectively.
Nazdar Qudrat Abas; Muhammad Amen; Nazanin Abbas; Muhamad Yusif; Dilshad Jaff
Abstract
Background: First COVID-19 case was recorded on February 26th, 2020 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Shortly after the number of cases increased significantly. Limited research has been conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population in the region about the pandemic. ...
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Background: First COVID-19 case was recorded on February 26th, 2020 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Shortly after the number of cases increased significantly. Limited research has been conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population in the region about the pandemic. Objectives: The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the people’s awareness and their attitude towards the pandemic by conducting a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional online survey, and non-probability, convenient sampling of 325 adults, was conducted during a complete lockdown period from 5th to 20th of April, 2020 in KRI. Results: High levels of knowledge and practice, with divided positive and negative attitudes, were found among participants. The study found a positive relationship between knowledge and attitudes and the resulting practice. Conclusions: Studies about the COVID-19 pandemic are very scarce in the KRI. There were no significance differences between the socio-demographic characteristics and levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices. We encourage further KAP studies in the KRI regarding COVID-19 for setting health awareness campaigns in promoting practical information on preventive measures to stop the spread of the virus accordingly.
