Clinical, biochemical, and hematological profile of Iron deficiency anemia in The Garmian population, Kurdistan region of Iraq

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency affecting reproductive-aged individuals, and it is a significant cause of anemia globally. In the Kurdistan Region, research on IDA is limited, highlighting the need for further investigation due to its significant health implications. The aim is to study the prevalence of anemia and IDA using red blood cell parameters and serum iron studies.
Methodology: the study was conducted in the Garmian Administration, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, from January to May 2023, and examined 170 cases (30 males, 140 females) with low MCV and MCH levels. Researchers collected sociodemographic and medical history data and assessed anemia and IDA prevalence using RBC parameters and serum iron studies.
Results:
The study revealed higher rates of anemia among females compared to males, being more severe in females who exhibited lower levels of serum Hb, HCT, RBC, and MCV. Additionally, 43.6% of females had IDA, while no males had IDA. in females, IDA was associated with lower Hb, HCT, RBC, MCHC, higher RDWI, and Mentzer Index. Shortness of breath and easy fatigability were significantly linked to IDA.
Conclusion, Anemia and IDA are significant issues in the study area, especially among women with low MCV and MCH. The study found low levels of certain RBC parameters and high values of RDWI and Mentzer Index as predictors of IDA in women with symptoms including shortness of breath and easy fatigability. Broader surveys are recommended to explore the possible causes of IDA in the study area and design preventive measures.