Grouping and evaluation of relationships between traits in triticale (X TriticosecaleWittmack) genotypes using statistical multivariate methods

A complete block design experiment was conducted in two locations inthe Kurdistan region, Iraq (Qlyasan and Halabja) to group 29 triticale genotypes and evaluate the relationships between traits affecting grain yield. The results showed that in both environments, there was a significant positive correlation between grain yield (GY) and spike length (SL), number of grains per spikelets (NGSL), number of grains per spike (NGS), and biological weight (BW).Heatmap Cluster analysis classified the studied genotypes into four groups at the Qlyasanlocation and three at the Halabja location. In both environments, genotypes 828, 814, 816, 806, 815, and 818 were placed in the cluster with the highest GY. According to the results of the PCA analysis, in the Qlyasanenvironment, the genotypes 802, 813, 814, 815, 816, 818, 823, and 825 showed the closest relationship with GY.On the other hand, in the Halabja environment, the closest relationship between genotypes 818, 825, 806, 803, 812, 817, and 820 and GY was observed. Genotypes 815, 828, and 818 in Qlyasanand 806, 829, 803, and 815 in Halabja were closest to ideal genotypes for GY and components, according to the Selection Index of Ideal Genotype Index (SIIG). The NGS had the most significant impact on grain yield. Also, genotypes 818 in both locations and 814, 815, and 816 in Qlyasa and 806 and 803 in the Halabja environment showed a positive reaction.