Impact of Vitamin D on Glycemic and Metabolic Markers

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is pivotal in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and metabolic regulation, especially regarding glucose management and insulin sensitivity. We analyzed statistical trends to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and metabolic parameters in prediabetic individuals over a 32-week period.
Methods: Prediabetic participants were monitored for 32 weeks, with serum vitamin D, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) measured at baseline, Week 0, Week 16, and Week 32’ Statistical analyses were conducted to assess temporal trends and identify associations between vitamin D concentrations and glycemic parameters.
Results: Serum vitamin D levels significantly increased during the study, from 14.6 ± 10.7 ng/mL at baseline to 35.3 ± 16.7 ng/mL by Week 32 (p < 0.0001). HbA1c levels showed a progressive decline, indicating long-term glycemic control (Week 0: 5.84 ± 0.38%; Week 32: 5.33 ± 0.33%; p < 0.0001). A significant reduction in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also observed (p = 0.035), along with an increase in beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (p=.042), and fasting insulin levels elevated significantly, rising from 17.3±4.9 ng/mL at baseline to 29.4±8.8 ng/mL by Week 32 (p = 0.046) which correlated with elevated vitamin D levels. However, no significant changes were seen in FBG (p = 0.238) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.632).
Conclusion: Enhanced vitamin D status was associated with improved glycemic control and reduced insulin resistance in individuals with prediabetes. Although BMI and fasting glucose did not change significantly during the follow-up study, the outcomes proposed that vitamin D supplementation may assist in reducing high HbA1c and insulin resistance. These findings imply the potential advantages of vitamin D in normalizing prediabetic cases, prompting the need for more research and long-term observation of many participants.