Predictive Role of Key Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Iraqi Patients Developed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia generates as a hematological malignancy due to the aggressive proliferation of leukemic stem cells in the bone marrow and can spread into other organs. This leads to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines these play a remarkable predictive role for acute myeloid leukemia progression.
Objective: This study aimed to assess levels of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines included interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interferon-Gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-Alpha in the serum samples recovered from Iraqi patients with acute myeloid leukemia and analysis their predictive role in acute myeloid leukemia progression.
Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 65 diagnosed acute myeloid leukemic patients and 25 healthy controls to measure the levels of the studied pro-inflammatory cytokines utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, predictive role of the tested cytokines in acute myeloid leukemia prognosis was achieved by construction of receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results: The levels of the tested cytokines recorded high values among acute myeloid leukemic patients groups in compared to their corresponding controls, as a result of excessive triggering of inflammatory response by acute myeloid leukemic patients against potential injury or risk infection in order to their immunocompromised status. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha proved high accuracy for acute myeloid leukemia prediction followed by interleukin-8, interferon-Gamma, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. Correlation between the tested cytokines was significant positive indicating that these pro-inflammatory cytokines were secreted at high levels in acute myeloid leukemic patients.
Conclusion: The increased levels of the tested pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute myeloid leukemic patients can be aided in early prediction of acute myeloid leukemia progression. Consequently, that can be helped in improve outcomes for acute myeloid leukemic patients, specifically for those undergone sever clinical conditions.