A Secure and Efficient PDNA Cryptosystem: A Novel DNA and Polynomial-Based Encryption Approach

Yassein, Hassan Rashed; Ghanim Al-Saidi, Nadia Mohammed; Obaiys, Suzan Jabbar; Abidalzahra, Asia Aqeel

doi:10.24271/psr.2025.517523.2090

A Secure and Efficient PDNA Cryptosystem: A Novel DNA and Polynomial-Based Encryption Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hassan Rashed Yassein ¹

Nadia Mohammed Ghanim Al-Saidi ²

Suzan Jabbar Obaiys ³

Asia Aqeel Abidalzahra

¹ Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, 58002,

² Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq.

³ Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.

10.24271/psr.2025.517523.2090

Abstract

The security of sensitive data has become a major concern today due to the transmission of data over public communication channels. Encryption has been relied upon to transmit protected data, which requires continuous improvement. To enhance the security of the transferred data, this paper presents the PDNA cryptosystem, a novel encryption method that integrates Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encryption with truncated polynomial-based encryption. DNA cryptography is a new advancement in the field of cryptography due to its important features, including the ability to store large amounts of information and the random nature of the sequences of nitrogenous bases that make up DNA. This paper presents a new DNA cipher that combines the concept of encoding tables with the transformation of plaintext into codons and truncated polynomials. This integration provides a high level of security and a significant increase in the randomness of the ciphertext, particularly when selecting secret key methods and their mathematical construction. According to the security analysis, the large key space generated by the DNA sequence and polynomial functions makes the proposed cryptosystem highly resistant to brute-force attacks. Moreover, it significantly improves data confidentiality and advances this growing field of encryption techniques.

Keywords

DNA Cryptography

PDNA Cryptosystem

Truncated Polynomial Encryption

Biomolecular Security

Genetic-Based Encryption

Secure Data Transmission