Millimetre Wave Transmission Improvement Using Massive MIMO in Modern Communications System

The massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) technique forms a fundamental component of fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, as it significantly enhances network capacity by integrating a large number of antennas within limited physical space. Initially developed for sub-6 GHz frequencies, mMIMO has also been extended to support millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands that operate within 30–300 GHz and provide extremely high data rates but limited coverage. This study examines the performance of mMIMO across both sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequencies, emphasizing its capability to improve mmWave transmission efficiency. The simulation-based evaluation considers non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and benchmarks mMIMO against conventional MIMO systems. The obtained results demonstrate that mMIMO enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to 85.5% at a distance of 100 m for 10 users, with an average improvement of 56.39% across various distances. Nonetheless, performance benefits gradually decrease as the number of users grows, revealing a trade-off between scalability and efficiency. Furthermore, the study explores beamforming mechanisms, channel modeling, and antenna array configurations, providing valuable insights for optimizing mMIMO deployment in practical 5G scenarios.