TLS–Based Documentation and Crack Detection of the Partially Collapsed Gwer Caravanserai, Kurdistan, Iraq

Mala, Bakhtyar Ahmed; Khdir, Hoshang Jaafar; FaqeAhmed, Sapan Jabbar

doi:10.24271/psr.2026.569990.2493

TLS–Based Documentation and Crack Detection of the Partially Collapsed Gwer Caravanserai, Kurdistan, Iraq

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Bakhtyar Ahmed Mala

Hoshang Jaafar Khdir

Sapan Jabbar FaqeAhmed

Department of Gematics Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Salahaddin, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Reign, Iraq.

10.24271/psr.2026.569990.2493

Abstract

Historical heritages are the identity of civilization and national identity. This study provides detailed geospatial documentation and structural condition assessment of the Gwer Caravanserai. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) was carried out using a Leica BLK360 to capture the partially collapsed structure and generate a high-resolution 3D point cloud model. In total, 46 scan positions were registered, resulting in an overall bundle error of 2.78 mm. This level of accuracy allowed for the creation of detailed 3D models, 2D floor plans, and vertical sections. The crack detection analysis highlighted significant structural deterioration. In the non-collapsed areas, crack widths were found to reach up to 20 cm, with depths of up to 25 cm, while measurements of the main walls showed inclinations of up to 16 cm, indicating serious structural instability. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of laser scanning for documenting damaged heritage structures, and possible to open and redraw for both the collapsed and non-collapsed parts by preventing sections from being taken with Civil 3D based on the TLS data. The relevant authorities have been asked to come to the aid of this historical heritage as soon as possible because it is under threat of extinction.

Keywords

Caravanserai

3D Modelling

point cloud

2D planning

Redraw Sections