Information technology
Riyam Alaa Johni; Kanar Roshen Tariq; Roshen Tariq Ahmadhamdi; David Iyan Forsyth
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical investigation on a type of Fiber Optic Sensing system used for seismic monitoring which incorporates an array of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) in the sensing medium. An interferometry array contains a group of interferometry sub-arrays, every sub-array including a plurality ...
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This paper presents a theoretical investigation on a type of Fiber Optic Sensing system used for seismic monitoring which incorporates an array of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) in the sensing medium. An interferometry array contains a group of interferometry sub-arrays, every sub-array including a plurality of interferometry. Each interferometer in a sub-array is realized with a particular pair of fiber Bragg gratings and a sensing length of optical fiber located between the respective pair of fiber Bragg gratings. The fiber Bragg gratings in every respective couple of fiber Bragg gratings have a similar characteristic wavelength that is altered from the characteristic wavelength of every other couple of fiber Bragg gratings in the sub-array. The sub-arrays are interconnected to minimize the common-wavelength crosstalk among the sensors in the overall interferometry array. Our work focuses on investigating the selection of the optimum wavelength for use in the system. The study was performed using state-of-the-art simulation techniques for strain and temperature changes in the FBG sensor array. The cumulative results obtained can be used to help designers produce an optimized performance for similar fiber optic hydrophones in the future. It has been shown that the wavelength 1300nm region gives the best performance in this type of fiber optic hydrophone system.
Physics
Miran Hama Rahim Saeed
Abstract
In this article, two wideband microstrip rectangular patch antennas have been designed and simulated for V band communication systems at resonant frequencies 45 GHz and 60 GHz. Rogers RO4730G3 is used as substrate dielectric with dielectric constant 2.98. The dimensions of the antennas are 6.23mm*6.7mm*0.7mm ...
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In this article, two wideband microstrip rectangular patch antennas have been designed and simulated for V band communication systems at resonant frequencies 45 GHz and 60 GHz. Rogers RO4730G3 is used as substrate dielectric with dielectric constant 2.98. The dimensions of the antennas are 6.23mm*6.7mm*0.7mm and 6mm*6.4mm*0.7mm respectively, with very simple geometrical configuration. To investigate the performance, the designs were then simulated using (CST) Studio Suite software package. The dimensions have been well studied and optimized to obtain acceptable results of Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR), return loss, gain, bandwidth (BW) and radiation pattern. The 45 GHz antenna provides a gain of 6.73 dBi with the BW of 5.5 GHz and 1.03 of VSWR. Meanwhile, the 60 GHz design offers 6.92 dBi of gain with BW of 11.57 GHz and 1.05 of VSWR. The achieved results illustrate that both designs provide a good performance and are applicable for future 5G communication systems or any applications in the V band region.
Mathematic
Arkan Nawzad Mustafa; Hanaa Jamal Ahmad
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of contaminated object on an SIRS Model with vaccination and hospitalization compartments is modeled. Positivity and boundedness properties of the solutions of model are proved, basic reproduction number of the model is founded through criteria which make the eigen values of ...
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In this paper, the effect of contaminated object on an SIRS Model with vaccination and hospitalization compartments is modeled. Positivity and boundedness properties of the solutions of model are proved, basic reproduction number of the model is founded through criteria which make the eigen values of the Jacobean matrix at the disease free equilibrium point, negative. Globally stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium point is proved when the basic reproduction number is less than unity and the vaccination efficacy approaches unity. The existence, uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium point are investigated when the basic reproduction number greater than unity. Parameter values regarding to spreading covid-19 in Kurdistan region are estimated. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number is carried out.
Physics
Amad Nori Abdulqudos; Ahmed Fattah Fattah Abdulrahman
Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized by using a leaf extract of Allium Calocephalum Wendelbow (ACW) plant. The impact of various zinc salts on the characteristic properties of synthesized ZnO NPs and which salt is more suitable for the synthesis of ZnO NPs were investigated. The used ...
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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized by using a leaf extract of Allium Calocephalum Wendelbow (ACW) plant. The impact of various zinc salts on the characteristic properties of synthesized ZnO NPs and which salt is more suitable for the synthesis of ZnO NPs were investigated. The used different zinc salts were Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH), Zinc Acetate (ZA), and Zinc Chloride (ZC). The properties of synthesized NPs were studied using a variety of characterization techniques. The FTIR analysis and UV-Visible spectroscopy of ACW plant leaf extract proved to suggest this extract is a better choice for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. The UV–Visible spectra of leaf extract showed two distinct absorption peaks in the region of 262 nm and 350 nm at ambient temperature. The FE-SEM analysis revealed a spherical form of ZnO NPs having an (average) mean size in the range of (21.61-63.12) nm. XRD results revealed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystal size of produced ZnO NPs along the (002) diffraction peak was in the range of (16.91 to 28.19) nm for different Zinc salt. The EDX analysis shows that the produced ZnO NPs are very pure. The FTIR results displayed there is no obvious peak in the monitoring range, suggesting that the ZnO NPs created via using ACW Leaf Extract. The UV-Vis. results of ZnO NPs showed that the sharpness in this region, exciton absorption, and UV absorption edge were found (381-397) nm, which is corresponding to the Eg of the ZnO NPs, and the investigated Eg of ZnO NPs was in the range of (3.12-3.25) eV. All obtained results of the fabricated ZnO NPs, the ZnO NPs synthesized from zinc salt which is the zinc Nitrate hexahydrate showed very high-quality and improved compared to ZnO NPs synthesized from other zinc salts.
Physics
Ari Yatem
Abstract
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are remarkable astronomical objects which are a diffuse, expanding nebula of gas that is a direct result of a star's explosive death, resulting in a supernova explosion. SNRs play a vital role in the scattering of tough elements which are made in the supernova explosion into ...
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Supernova remnants (SNRs) are remarkable astronomical objects which are a diffuse, expanding nebula of gas that is a direct result of a star's explosive death, resulting in a supernova explosion. SNRs play a vital role in the scattering of tough elements which are made in the supernova explosion into the interstellar medium and provide much amount of energy that heats the ISM, as well as SNRs, are responsible for enormous differences in physical process and properties. In the present work, we study the physical properties, performance, and behavior of dynamical growth of several SNR type Ia and type II specifically after an explosion of a supernova, and explore how the density of the interstellar environment influence the physical properties and eternity of each SNRs. To achieve such goals, we have utilized the method known as Counting Pixels Method, which has been applied to the SNRs images as well as a new pattern has been suggested to calculate some of the physical properties such as the expansion velocity and the radius of the chosen remnants, which based on the age of SNRs and the density of the surrounding medium. The outcomes of the study depicted that each chosen SNRs type Ia and II likewise in performance and behavior after a long period of explosion nevertheless, they are displaced either upwards or downwards based on the interstellar density. However, we noted that SNRs are exploded in the lower density environment and expanded without restriction to make a regular shape. We have concluded that further study is required particularly on the physical properties of SNRs when inserted into the radiative phase.
Information technology
Rebin Abdulkareem Hamaamin; Shakhawan Hares Wady; Ali Wahab Kareem
Abstract
Covid-19 is a contagious disease that affects people's everyday life, personal health, as well as a nation's economy. COVID-19 infected individuals, according to a clinical study, are most usually contaminated with a severe condition after coming into a primary infection. The chest radiograph (also known ...
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Covid-19 is a contagious disease that affects people's everyday life, personal health, as well as a nation's economy. COVID-19 infected individuals, according to a clinical study, are most usually contaminated with a severe condition after coming into a primary infection. The chest radiograph (also known as the chest X-ray or CXR) or a chest CT scan is a more reliable imaging method for diagnosing COVID-19 infected individuals. This article proposed a novel technique for classifying CXR scan images as healthy or affected COVID-19 by fusing the features extracted using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ). This research is an experimental study that employed 7232 CXR images from a COVID-19 Radiography dataset as training and testing data. As a result, by using both individual and fused feature extraction methodologies, a developed model was created and fed into the machine learning techniques. The testing results reveal that the improved architecture outperforms current methods for identifying COVID-19 patients in terms of accuracy rate, which reached 97.15 %.
Agriculture
Zanist Qader Hama-Aziz; Rebwar Ahmed Mustafa; Hemin Abubakir Neima
Abstract
Water productivity relates to the amount of yield per unit of water used. Water productivity is not reported for most crops in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) where water scarcity recently forces farmers to shift from traditional farming methods including surface irrigation on bare soil to ...
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Water productivity relates to the amount of yield per unit of water used. Water productivity is not reported for most crops in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) where water scarcity recently forces farmers to shift from traditional farming methods including surface irrigation on bare soil to modern practices including drip irrigation and mulch. This study is the first attempt in Iraq and KRI to calculate and report water productivity for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drip irrigation with plastic mulch at the farm scale. Data of yield production, the number of irrigation, irrigation duration, and data of cost and benefit of production were collected in 2021 from 32 farmers who produced tomato from an area of 95 ha. The yield, water use, and water productivity were then calculated. The mean values were 82.7 ton ha-1, 31,083 m3 ha-1, and 2.8 kg m-3 for yield, water use, and water productivity, respectively. Hence, to produce 1 kilogram of tomato, 350 liter of water was applied. Farmers irrigate the farms each time 2-3 times longer than in previous years. Thus, this water productivity value is lower than many values reported in the literature for drip irrigation and surface irrigation even, likely due to lower rainfall amount in 2020-21 compared to the previous season. Cost-benefit analysis shows that 21% of production benefits are water use, 14% is production cost and the remaining 65% is a net benefit. Although a substantial amount of water is used, tomato production is a profitable emerging business in the area. The recent shift from surface irrigation on bare soil to drip irrigation and mulch is a successful strategy in adaptation to current water scarcity in the region.
Information technology
sabat muhamad; Hadi Veisi
Abstract
A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts the texts into speech in a specific language. Several TTS systems generate natural-like speech signals in numerous languages, such as English. On the other hand, the Kurdish language has just been examined. Existing preliminary research on Kurdish speech synthesis ...
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A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts the texts into speech in a specific language. Several TTS systems generate natural-like speech signals in numerous languages, such as English. On the other hand, the Kurdish language has just been examined. Existing preliminary research on Kurdish speech synthesis has utilized old methods and has generated low-quality speech. They also lack important aspects of speech, including intonation, emphasis, and rhythm. Some approaches were presented to address these challenges, including the use of concatenative systems. For example, the unit selection or statistical parametric methods. On the other hand, they need a great deal of time, effort, and domain knowledge. An additional factor for Kurdish speech synthesizers' low performance is the absence of publicly available speech corpora, unlike English, which has many freely-available corpora and audiobooks. The motivation of this paper is to create a Central Kurdish speech corpus and generate a human-like speech from the Kurdish text. This paper explains how to utilize Tacotron 2, an end-to-end neural network architecture and HiFi-GAN vocoder, to produce a high-quality, realistic, and human-like Kurdish voice. This work utilizes "text, audio" pairings, which contain 10 hours of recorded audio samples and texts collected from the Internet and textbooks. It shows how to use English character embedding as the pre-trained knowledge with Kurdish characters as input and how to preprocess these audio examples to get a great outcome. Our evaluations for various types of texts show a mean opinion score of 4.1, comparable with state-of-the-art synthesizers in other languages.
faridoon ismael qadir; Jamal Kareem Shakor; Seerwan Assy Raheem; Ismael Yadulla Abdulla
Abstract
Abstract: Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that nearly one-third of the population is being affected by an anxiety disorder during their life. Psychoeducation has been used as the main anxiety management for patient diagnosed with anxiety disorder. ...
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Abstract: Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that nearly one-third of the population is being affected by an anxiety disorder during their life. Psychoeducation has been used as the main anxiety management for patient diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The aim of the study to asses effectiveness of psycho- educational program among patients diagnosed with anxiety. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out on 82 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The patients attended a knowledge-based psycho-educational program, and anxiety level was measured using the Zang anxiety self-rating scale in pre- post- intervention status . The data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version (23). Result s: this study has demonstrated that anxiety was high among female (67.1%) and high educated (44.9%) comparatively. The study has also indicated that psychoeducation program has significant impact on decreasing the anxiety severity. The percentage of severe anxiety in pre-intervention state was (40.2%), mild and moderate anxiety level was (9.8%) and (50%) respectively, while in post-intervention status, severe anxiety level was (20.7%), mild and moderate anxiety level were (15.9%), (63.4%) respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that psych-education intervention could significantly reduce level of anxiety among anxiety patients. The impact of a psychiatric education program is primarily due to increased knowledge about anxiety and improved problem-solving skills for anxiety sufferers. Anxiety was observed less frequent in male, single and less educated, while anxiety was more severe comparatively
Physics
Ari Yatem
Abstract
Silver thin-film nanoparticles are prepared on the glass surface through a dependable method called spin coating. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was utilized as precursors, proceeded by the thermal reduction in the H2 atmosphere, and some of the chemical reductions such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution, ...
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Silver thin-film nanoparticles are prepared on the glass surface through a dependable method called spin coating. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was utilized as precursors, proceeded by the thermal reduction in the H2 atmosphere, and some of the chemical reductions such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution, and hydrazine hydrate solution (N2H4). The effects of several reductants have been discussed. The structure, morphology, and absorbance spectra of the deposited silver thin films were characterized and measured by using the following techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as UV-visible- NIR absorption spectroscopy respectively, to study more about how the reduction procedure affects the formation of silver nanoparticles. As a result, thermal reduction in the H2 atmosphere is more effective than the chemical reduction in aqueous sodium borohydride and hydrazine hydrate solution for growing consistently sized dispersed silver nanoparticles.
Mathematic
Hiwa Hussein Rahman; Kawa Ahmad Hassan
Abstract
The present study proposes a fractional order prey-predator model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, that the Caputo fractional derivative is applied. There is exploration of the solutions' existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness. Stability of all feasible equilibrium points ...
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The present study proposes a fractional order prey-predator model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, that the Caputo fractional derivative is applied. There is exploration of the solutions' existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness. Stability of all feasible equilibrium points is determined locally by the use of Matignon's condition. Moreover, we also provide sufficient conditions to assure global asymptotic stability for both the predator-extinction equilibrium point and the positive equilibrium point, with selecting a relevant Lyapunov function and the incidence of Hopf-bifurcation is also displayed. Finally, the fractional order effect on the stability behavior of systems is investigated theoretically and also illustrated numerically to support theoretical results.
Information technology
Nawroz Fadhil Ahmed; Karwan Mohammed Hamakarim; Zana Azeez Kakarash
Abstract
Recommendation Systems (RSs) have significant applications in many industrial systems. The duty of a recommender algorithm is to operate available data (users/items contextual data and rating (or purchase) the consumption history for items), as well as to provide a recommendation list for any target ...
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Recommendation Systems (RSs) have significant applications in many industrial systems. The duty of a recommender algorithm is to operate available data (users/items contextual data and rating (or purchase) the consumption history for items), as well as to provide a recommendation list for any target user. The recommended items should be selected so that the target user is compelled to give them positive reviews. In this manuscript, we propose a novel of RS algorithm that makes advantage of user-user trust relationships, rating histories, and their frequency of occurrence. We also provide a brand new overlapping community detection algorithm. The information about the users’ community structure is used to handle the cold-start and sparsity problems. We compare the performance of the proposed RS algorithm with a number of state-of-the-art algorithms on the extended Epinions dataset, which has both information on trust relations and the timing of the ratings. Numerical simulations reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm over others. We also investigate how the algorithms perform when only cold-start users and items are considered. As a cold-start user (item) we consider those that have made (received) less than five ratings. The experiments show significant outperformance of the proposed algorithm over others, which is mainly due to the use of information on overlapping community structures between users.
Kamal karim; Araz Omer Al-Khafaf; zardasht Ahmad Taha; Soran Othman Kharajiany
Abstract
The sequence of the coastal siliciclastic facies of the Paleocene-Eocene Zagros Foreland Basin is well exposed in the Chwarta-Mawat area, north of Sulaimani Governorate, northeastern Iraq. According to previous studies, this sequence is designated as Red Beds Series (RBS), consisting of more than 2000 ...
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The sequence of the coastal siliciclastic facies of the Paleocene-Eocene Zagros Foreland Basin is well exposed in the Chwarta-Mawat area, north of Sulaimani Governorate, northeastern Iraq. According to previous studies, this sequence is designated as Red Beds Series (RBS), consisting of more than 2000 m of fine and coarse red and grey clastics. The present study found recently recognized lithologies (RRLs) about 100 thick inside the series and encompassed green marlstone with subsidiary detrital limestone which has significant tectonic and paleogeographic results. The petrography, biostratigraphy, and boundary conditions studies are applied to uncover their origin. The new lithologies are deposited in the subsiding basin in the Imbricate Zone during the Middle Eocene. During this age, the Tertiary Foreland Basin was separated by a paleohigh into two basins, (northern and southern basins). In the northern basin, the RRLs have deposited as deep facies of the Naopurdan Formation while in the southern basin the Pila Spi Formation was deposited as lagoonal facies. The former formation was deposited as reefal facies in the shelf area of the northern basin to the northeast Chawrta and Mawat Towns. The RRLs, units one and two of the series (in the Thrust Zone) are correlated respectively with Pila Spi, Sinjar and Gercus formations in the High Folded Zone. These correlations are shown on the stratigraphic columns and paleogeographic models with the aid of nannofossil and benthonic foraminiferal studies. This study is the most important step for solving the tectonic and paleogeographic setting of northeastern Iraq and for a better understanding of the Zagros Collisional belt.
Agriculture
Masood Saber Mohammed; Sherwan Towfiq
Abstract
Stability and adaptability are two main Characteristics that affect most field crops' growth and yield. maize is mainly affected and highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the stability and adaptability of maize crop genotypes for some agronomic traits ...
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Stability and adaptability are two main Characteristics that affect most field crops' growth and yield. maize is mainly affected and highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the stability and adaptability of maize crop genotypes for some agronomic traits related to kernel yield under four different environmental conditions. The field experiments consisted of 9 parents and 20 maize hybrids and were evaluated in randomized block design during the autumn and spring seasons at each location of Kalar and Khanaqeen. Genetic analysis of stability and adaptability according to the methodology of Eberhart and Russel regression coefficient (bi) and Elsahookie, and Al-Rawi genotypic resultant (GR) were performed based on the average of all environments. Results indicated that the cross HS x 844 was stable and showed maximum value of genotypic resultant to kernel yield according to ElSahookie and Al-Rawi, while the crosses 4218 x zp-595, zp-430 x zp-595 and HS x sym-5 were adaptable for this trait according to Eberhart and Russell.
Agriculture
Dalia Hashem Jasem; Mohammed I Khalil
Abstract
Drought is abiotic stress that directly influences crop growth performance, including wheat. In this study, the nanotechnology method was applied to decrease the impact of drought on wheat growth. For this purpose, three types of drought resistance nanoparticles (Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO), ...
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Drought is abiotic stress that directly influences crop growth performance, including wheat. In this study, the nanotechnology method was applied to decrease the impact of drought on wheat growth. For this purpose, three types of drought resistance nanoparticles (Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO), and Copper (Cu)) were used with two wheat varieties (kalar1 and kalar2) in the Garmian district. The results showed that nanoparticles increased specific leaf area, chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrate, catalase enzyme activity, phosphor, and potassium under drought stress compared with the control. SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles had better impacts on some morphological and biochemical parameters than Cu. Different drought-resistance nanoparticles could be used to cope with drought impact in the Garmain district and improve wheat growth.
